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Multilevel analysis of infant mortality and its risk factors in South Africa

Table 3. Outputs from the multilevel logistic regression model

Variables Coefficient p Odds Ratios
Fixed Effect parameters
Cons -2.2274 0.000 0.11
Sex of child (Male) 0.0790 0.000 1.08
Age of child (months) -0.0774 0.010 0.93
Birth order 1 (Reference)
2 -0.0019 0.4760 1.00
3 0.0736 0.0150 1.08
4+ 0.1440 0.0000 1.15
Mother's age at birth 20-34 years (Reference)
< 20 years 0.0297 0.125 1.03
> 34 years 0.0225 0.261 1.02
Mother's years of education -0.0708 0.0080 0.93

-0.1922 0.0000 0.83
Mother never married 0.0518 0.0130 1.05
Mother works 0.0891 0.0010 1.09
Mother is Black African 0.1252 0.0020 1.13
Living Standard Quintile Q1(Reference group)
Q2 -0.0572 0.0270 0.94
Q3 -0.0716 0.0130 0.93
Q4 -0.1471 0.0001 0.86
Q5 -0.2808 0.0001 0.76
Municipal-level variables
Level of poverty Low Poverty (Reference group)
Medium 0.0466 0.1160 1.05
High 0.0264 0.0450 1.03
Inequality Low Inequality (Reference group)
Medium 0.0737 0.0210 1.08
High 0.0530 0.0690 1.05
Proportion of educated women Low Proportion (Reference group)
Medium -0.1023 0.0010 0.90
High -0.1167 0.0200 0.89
Province level variable
HIV prevalence rate Low Prevalence (Reference group)
Medium 0.1352 0.0420 1.14
High 0.1152 0.0420 1.12
Random effect parameters
Province effect (level 3) 0.0048
Municipality effect (level 2) 0.0085

48 International Journal of Population Studies | 2017, Volume 3, Issue 2