Page 64 - IJPS-9-2

International Journal of
Population Studies Personality traits in homosexual men in Iran

targeted sampling may have limited access to members of consent was obtained from the participants.
this sexual minority. Due to different reasons, such as age
or lack of Internet access, the researchers could not have Consent for publication
accessed a large number of homosexual men. The authors affirm that research participants provided
5. Conclusion informed consent for publication of their information
anonymously and confidentially.
In general, the results suggested that tops are more likely
to have better self-expression than the two other groups. Availability of data
They also have a greater degree of physical dissatisfaction Data are available on request from the authors.
and show more adverse behaviors compared to other
homosexual groups. Bottoms have more problems in References
entering relationships and hiding their identity. Depression, Allen, P.J., & Bennett, K. (2008). SPSS for the Health and
hopelessness, and failure in attracting support and Behavioural Sciences. Australia: Thomson.
affection from others are more prominent among bottoms.
The prevalence of pessimism and sensitivity to ethical and Ashby, J.S., & Rice, K.G. (2002). Perfectionism, dysfunctional
religious norms was higher among bottom and top groups. attitudes, and self‐esteem: A structural equations analysis.
Moreover, senses of skepticism, worthlessness, and lack of Journal of Counseling and Development, 80(2): 197-203.
control over other groups were stronger in bottoms. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2002.tb00183.x

Acknowledgments Besharat, M.A., Karimi, S., & Saadati, M. (2016). A comparison
of childhood gender nonconformity and fertility rate
This paper was extracted from a certified master’s thesis in a lineage in male homosexuals and heterosexuals.
presented by Seyed Mohsen Pourmohseni Shakib at the Contemporary Psychology, Biannual Journal of the Iranian
University of Guilan (No. 136292, January 12, 2021). The Psychological Association, 10(2): 3-14.
authors would like to thank all the participants who helped Blashill, A.J., & Powlishta, K.K. (2009). Gay stereotypes: The use
us in this research. of sexual orientation as a cue for gender-related attributes.
Sex Roles, 61(11-12): 783-793.
Funding https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-009-9684-7
None. Bogaert, A.F., Ashton, M.C., & Lee, K. (2018). Personality
and sexual orientation: Extension to asexuality and the
Conflict of interest HEXACO model. Journal of Sex Research, 55(8): 951-961.
The author declares no conflicts of interest. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2017.1287844

Author contributions Carballo‐Diéguez, A., Dolezal, C., Nieves, L., Díaz, F., Decena, C.,
& Balan, I. (2004). Looking for a tall, dark, macho man…
Conceptualization: Sajjad Rezaei Sexual‐role behaviour variations in Latino gay and bisexual
Data curation: Seyed Mohsen Pourmohseni Shakib men. Culture, Health and Sexuality, 6(2): 159-171.
Formal analysis: All authors https://doi.org/10.1080/13691050310001619662
Methodology: Sajjad Rezaei
Supervision: Sajjad Rezaei Carper, T.L.M., Negy, C., & Tantleff-Dunn, S. (2010). Relations
Writing – original draft: All authors among media influence, body image, eating concerns, and
Writing – review & editing: All authors sexual orientation in men: A preliminary investigation.
Body Image, 7(4): 301-309.
Ethics approval and consent to participate https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.07.002
All procedures performed in studies involving human Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral
participants were in accordance with the ethical standards Sciences. New York: Routledge Academic.
of the Institutional and/or National Research Committee Crocker, J., & Wolfe, C.T. (2001). Contingencies of self-worth.
and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later Psychological Review, 108(3): 593-623.
amendments or comparable ethical standards. Ethical https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.108.3.593
approval for the study was obtained from the Council
of postgraduate courses at the University of Guilan Dawson, R.L. (1985). Attention seeking behaviour. In: Teacher
(No. 136292, January 12, 2021) and the Local Research Information Pack 1: Behaviour. London: Palgrave, p.33-40.
Ethics Committees (Approval ID: 44467987). Informed https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08997-0_3

Volume 9 Issue 2 (2023) 58 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.0390