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18 INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences, 2023, Vol. 6, No. 1
experienced surgery or chemotherapy within
30 days before presenting with COVID-19 than
in patients who had not. In addition, it has been
discovered that having a history of cancer increased
the chance of serious complications and was
associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes [42,43].
Compared to patients with other cancer types,
patients with lung cancer did not show a greater
likelihood of developing serious complications.
When lung cancer patients receive immune
checkpoint inhibitor therapy, medical professionals
must be aware of the side effects that may occur
with the medication (such as severe myocarditis
and pneumonitis) as they may have a negative
impact on patients’ prognosis.
4. Conceptualization of CDA formulations to
fight against COVID-19 and cancer
Since pulmonary fibrosis accounts for a significant
portion of COVID-19 fatalities, this symptom
causes the most concern. The accumulation of PSCs
that are unable to undergo terminal differentiation
due to chemosurveillance failure is what leads
to pulmonary fibrosis. This scenario is rather
reminiscent of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS),
which is brought on by an accumulation of CSCs that
cannot differentiate further [44-46]. By silencing
the ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET-1) enzyme with
a single hit, PSCs can be converted into CSCs [47].
The problems in MDS and pulmonary fibrosis
are identical. The only remedy is to stimulate the
terminal differentiation of diseased cells, which
transforms them into functioning cells and is a
crucial component for wound healing [48-50]. The
induction of terminal differentiation is, therefore,
the most effective treatment for pulmonary fibrosis
and MDS. Drug resistance and anti-apoptosis
mechanisms guard PSCs and CSCs [48].
Radiation is likewise ineffectual and toxic
substances are unable to reach these cells. They
are partnered with metabolites that promote wound
healing in their natural mission to heal wounds.
Metabolites that promote wound healing can easily
enter these cells and induce terminal differentiation.
Hence, they are the best medication option for
treating pulmonary fibrosis and MDS [37, 44].
China Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has
approved the use of CDA-2, a preparation of wound
healing metabolites purified from recently collected
©2023 AccScience Publishing
Dudhat
urine, for the treatment of cancer and MDS [51,52].
If pulmonary fibrosis could be successfully treated,
the virulence of COVID-19 can be subdued to that
of an influenza virus.
Following the peak in COVID-19 infection in
February 2020 across several cities in China, there
was a decline in cases, indicating that preventive
measures such as closing all public transportation
and entertainment centers and prohibiting large
public gatherings were effective in preventing
hundreds of thousands of cases of infection. Since
it is unlikely that the decline occurred due to a
decrease in number of susceptible individuals,
relaxing control measures could result in
resurgence. The reductions in case incidence were
correlated with the suspension of intracity public
transportation, closure of entertainment venues,
and outlawing of public meetings. The COVID-19
epidemic in China appeared to have slowed down
and kept in check during the peak of infection due
to its national emergency response.
In addition to the travel ban in Wuhan, as part
of the national emergency response, suspected and
confirmed cases were isolated, public transportation
by bus and subway was suspended, schools and
entertainment venues were closed, public gatherings
were banned, health checks on migrants were
performed, travelling within and outside of cities
was prohibited, and information on COVID-19
was widely distributed. These control measures
may be instructive to other countries across the
globe. During the first week of the outbreak, fewer
cases were reported in areas that immediately
suspended intracity public transportation, closed
their amusement parks, and/or restricted public
gatherings. This study did not offer any evidence
that the intercity travel restriction reduced the
number of COVID-19 cases.
5. Conclusion
For almost 3 years, the COVID-19 pandemic has
wreaked havoc across the world, killing 6.34 million
people. The primary factor in fatalities is the onset
of lung fibrosis brought on by chemo-surveillance
failure, which also leads to the development
of cancer. Cancer patients are susceptible to
developing fatal pulmonary fibrosis when infected
with COVID-19. Therefore, vaccination against
COVID-19 infection is indicated for cancer