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19    INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences, 2023, Vol. 6, No. 1                      Dudhat
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                                                                       Saville, M.; Mayhew, S.  The COVID-19  Vaccine Development
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           cancer  patients  are recommended  to switch their   [4]    Fauci, A.S.; Lane, H.C.; Redfield, R.R. Covid-19-Navigating the
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           pandemic, new treatments for pulmonary fibrosis             Saville, M.; Mayhew, S.  The COVID-19  Vaccine Development
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           to serious acute respiratory distress syndrome.             Pathophysiology: A Review. Clin. Immunol., 2020, 215, 108427.
           The  main  risk factors  for serious COVID-19 are    [9]    Iba, T.;  Levy,  J.H.;  Connors,  J.M.; Warkentin, T.E.; Thachil,  J.;
           similar to those for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,         Levi, M. The Unique Characteristics of COVID-19 Coagulopathy.
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           including  aging  and having comorbid  conditions    [10]   Cao,  X.  COVID-19:  Immunopathology  and  its  Implications  for
           such as diabetes  and  hypertension.  Moreover,      [11]   Therapy. Nat. Rev. Immunol., 2020, 20(5), 269–70.
                                                                       Zhang,  L.;  Zhu,  F.;  Xie,  L.;  Wang,  C.;  Wang,  J.;  Chen,  R.;
           due to their immunosuppressed state brought due             Jia, P.; Guan, H.Q.; Peng, L.; Chen,  Y.; Peng, P.; Zhang, P.;
           to their disease and anticancer therapies  such as          Chu,  Q.;  Shen,  Q.;  Wang,  Y.;  Xu,  S.Y.;  Zhao,  J.P.;  Zhou,  M.
                                                                       Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19-Infected Cancer Patients:
           chemotherapy, cancer patients are more vulnerable           A  Retrospective  Case  Study  in  Three  Hospitals  Within  Wuhan,
           to serious COVID-19 complications.                          China. Ann. Oncol., 2020, 31(7), 894–901.
                                                                [12]   Luo, J.; Rizvi, H.; Preeshagul, I.R.; Egger, J.V.; Hoyos, D.;
           Acknowledgments                                             Bandlamudi, C.; McCarthy, C.G.; Falcon, C.J.; Schoenfeld, A.J.;
                                                                       Arbour, K.C.; Chaft, J.E.; Daly, R.M.; Drilon, A.; Eng, J.; Iqbal, A.;
                                                                       Lai, W.V.; Li, B.T.; Lito, P.; Namakydoust, A.; Ng, K.; Offin, M.;
           None.                                                       Paik, P.K.; Riely, G.J.; Rudin, C.M.; Yu, H.A.; Zauderer, M.G.;
                                                                       Donoghue,  M.T.A.;  Łuksza,  M.;  Greenbaum,  B.D.;  Kris,  M.G.;
           Funding                                                     Hellmann, M.D. COVID-19 in Patients with Lung Cancer. Ann.
                                                                       Oncol., 2020, 31(10), 1386–96.
           None.                                                [13]   Pinato, D.J.; Patel, M.; Scotti, L.; Colomba, E.; Dolly, S.;
                                                                       Loizidou,  A.;  Chester,  J.;  Mukherjee,  U.;  Zambelli,  A.;
                                                                       Pria,  A.D.;  Aguilar-Company, J.; Bower, M.; Salazar, R.;
           Conflict of interest                                        Bertuzzi,  A.; Brunet, J.; Lambertini, M.;  Tagliamento, M.;
                                                                       Pous,  A.; Sita-Lumsden,  A.; Srikandarajah, K.; Colomba, J.;
           The author declares no conflicts of interests.              Pommeret, F.; Seguí, E.; Generali, D.; Grisanti, S.; Pedrazzoli, P.;
                                                                       Rizzo, G.; Libertini, M.; Moss, C.; Evans, J.S.; Russell, B.;
                                                                       Harbeck, N.; Vincenzi, B.; Biello, F.; Bertulli, R.; Ottaviani, D.;
           Author contributions                                        Liñan,  R.; Rossi,    S.; Carmona-García, M.C.;  Tondini, C.;
                                                                       Fox, L.; Baggi, A.; Fotia, V.; Parisi, A.; Porzio, G.; Queirolo, P.;
           This is single-authored manuscript.                         Cruz, C.A.; Saoudi-Gonzalez, N.; Felip, E.; Lloveras,  A.R.;
                                                                       Newsom-Davis, T.; Sharkey, R.; Roldán, E.; Reyes, R.; Zoratto, F.;
           Ethics approval and consent to participate                  Earnshaw, I.; Ferrante, D.; Marco-Hernández, J.; Ruiz-Camps, I.;
                                                                       Gaidano, G.; Patriarca, A.; Bruna, R.; Sureda, A.; Martinez-Vila, C.;
                                                                       de  Torre, A.S.; Berardi, R.; Giusti, R.; Mazzoni, F.; Guida, A.;
           Not applicable.                                             Rimassa, L.; Chiudinelli, L.; Franchi, M.; Krengli, M.; Santoro,  A.;
                                                                       Prat,  A.;  Tabernero,  J.;  Van  Hemelrijck,  M.;  Diamantis,  N.;
           Consent for publication                                     Gennari, A.; Cortellini, A. Time-Dependent COVID-19 Mortality
                                                                       in Patients with Cancer: An Updated Analysis of the OnCovid
                                                                       Registry. JAMA Oncol., 2022, 8(1), 114–22.
           Not applicable.                                      [14]   Robinson, A.G.; Gyawali, B.; Evans, G. COVID-19 and Cancer:
                                                                       Do We Really Know What We Think We Know? Nat. Rev. Clin.
           Availability of data                                        Oncol., 2020, 17(7), 386–8.
                                                                [15]   Jee,  J.;  Foote,  M.B.;  Lumish,  M.;  Stonestrom,  A.J.;  Wills,  B.;
           Not applicable.                                             Narendra,  V.;  Avutu,  V.; Murciano-Goroff,  Y.R.; Chan, J.E.;
                                                                       Derkach, A.; Philip, J.; Belenkaya, R.; Kerpelev, M.; Maloy, M.;
                                                                       Watson, A.; Fong, C.; Janjigian, Y.; Diaz, L.A. Jr.; Bolton, K.L.;
           References                                                  Pessin, M.S. Chemotherapy and COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients
                                                                       with Cancer. J. Clin. Oncol., 2020, 38(30), 3538–46.
           [1]    Yang,  L.;  Liu,  S.;  Liu,  J.;  Zhang,  Z.;  Wan,  X.;  Huang,  B.;   [16]   Al-Quteimat, O.M.; Amer, A.M.  The Impact of the COVID-19
                  Chen,  Y.; Zhang,  Y. COVID-19: Immunopathogenesis   Pandemic on Cancer Patients. Am. J. Clin. Oncol., 2020, 43, 452–5.
                  and  Immunotherapeutics.  Signal Transduct. Target Ther.,   [17]   Grivas, P.; Khaki, A.; Wise-Draper, T.; French, B.; Hennessy, C.;

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