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17 INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences, 2023, Vol. 6, No. 1 Dudhat
have been identified as important DHIs, while German scientist Virchow first proposed the
arachidonic acid (AA) and its metabolites idea of cancer as a non-healing wound in the
have been identified as organic acids of major 19 century [37]. MacCarthy-Morrogh and Martin
th
DIs [21,22]. In general, MT and SAHH inhibitors observed the link between cancer and wound
are considered excellent DHIs [25]. The function of healing [38]. The most crucial information on
acidic peptides as surveillance DI is still a mystery. this subject is related to abnormal MEs to prevent
Acidic peptides, uroerythrin, and other products differentiation [39]. The mechanism of wound
of erythrocyte breakdown make up a significant healing; the hypomethylation of nucleic acids as
portion of CDAs [26]. Organs that are actively the most important mechanism to achieve terminal
involved in steroid metabolism, such as the adrenal differentiation of PSCs, cancer stem cells (CSCs),
gland, liver, and reproductive system organs, and CCs; the evolution of CSCs from PSCs as
provide pregnenolone and steroid metabolites. a result of chemosurveillance breakdown; and
Evidently, proper wound healing depends on the the DIs and DHIs as wound healing metabolites
preservation of a constant amount of CDAs [27]. and active players in chemosurveillance are
Since injuries tend to heal naturally without the need all discussed [40,41]. For a cancer symptom to
for effort, research on chemosurveillance and wound manifest, the chemosurveillance functioning must
healing has received little attention [28]. For good be severely impaired. Therefore, cancer patients
reasons, the natural world includes chemosurveillance are particularly susceptible to developing life-
to prevent fatal conditions such as cancer, lung fibrosis, threatening pulmonary fibrosis symptoms when
and Alzheimer’s disease. Cancer is the leading cause infected with COVID-19. To prevent infection,
of death in most countries, and pulmonary fibrosis immunization is indicated [42]. If patients become
is the primary cause of death from COVID-19 infected, a transition of treatment from cell-killing
infection; meanwhile, Alzheimer’s disease remains treatments, such as cytotoxic drugs, radiation, or
incurable [29]. If medical establishments continue immunotherapy, to targeted treatments, like growth
to downplay the significance of wound healing factor inhibitors or signal transduction blockers, is
and chemosurveillance, these diseases remain encouraged [43]. The loss of chemosurveillance
incurable [30-32]. brought on by cell killing can exacerbate COVID-19
infection by causing harm similar to that brought
3. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer on by viral infection. Targeted therapy drugs are
patients
excellent DIs or DHIs that can stop the progression
The lung damage brought on by COVID-19 of fatal pulmonary fibrosis.
infection triggers wound repair processes that Compared to the general population, some
result in the production of prostaglandins (PGs) cancer patients have higher infection risks due
and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) [33]. PGs help to their immunosuppressed state, which can be
wounds heal faster by increasing the levels of CDA. brought on by the illness itself or treatment. Immune
TNF; however, hinders wound healing by lowering response may put cancer patients at risk for severe
CDA levels. TNF is also known as cachectin due infection-related side effects, which could delay
to the cachexia symptoms it causes. The increased treatment and necessitate hospital stay. These
excretion of low molecular weight metabolites could be harmful to the prognosis of such patients.
as a result of TNF’s capacity to cause vascular When compared to patients without cancer, cancer
hyperpermeability is a sign of cachexia [16,34]. patients have a roughly 3.5-fold higher chance
The breakdown of chemosurveillance is caused by of dying, needing mechanical ventilation, being
the excretion of low molecular weight metabolites, admitted to the intensive care unit, and developing
including active CDAs. Pulmonary fibrosis results severe infections. Due to their immunosuppressed
from a lack of adequate CDAs to trigger terminal state from having cancer and receiving anticancer
differentiation of PSCs [35]. therapies such as chemotherapy or surgery, cancer
The failure of chemosurveillance to induce patients are more vulnerable to serious COVID-19
terminal differentiation of PSCs is another reason complications. Studies have found that the risk
for the development of cancer [36]. The renowned of severe events was higher in patients who had

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