Page 37 - ITPS-6-1

31 INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences, 2023, Vol. 6, No. 1 Sinha
utilized after the date of expiry, it adversely affects might end up choosing these cements due to their
the bond strength [27]. Unhydrolyzed form of simplicity and lower potential in application error.
silanes or inactive silanes was two-bottle systems However, in vitro investigation of these cements
utilized by the clinicians. Mixing of the ingredients showed that they bond to the dentin and enamel
is done before application, ensuring a more active lesser than the effect demonstrated by the adhesive
form with a longer shelf life [28,29]. system and resin cement [33,34].

5.1.1.2. Etching system 5.2. Particle-filled glass ceramic

Adhesive cementation process for dentin or the This form of ceramic consists of several amounts,
enamel necessitates the adhesive system use, particle types, and glassy matrix. The particles
followed by the resin cement application [4]. inclusion has helped in improving the physical
The adhesive systems can be either a self-etching strength of ceramic. Reduction in the amount of
system or a total etching system. Among these glass and increase in the number of particles leads to
two-adhesive systems, self-etching system is the increase in the strength of material. However, some
popular one among the dental surgeons as it is esthetic and translucent properties are diminished
easier to use. due to this process. Based on its strength, several
materials in the category can be utilized as the
5.1.1.3. Resin cement copings or veneering material [2].

It is also vital to strictly follow the instructions 5.2.1. Low-filled material
provided by the manufacturers during the adhesive
cementation process, including the use of the Low-filled material such as ordinary Portland
resin cement and adhesive combination of the cement (OPC) (“Jeneric Pentron, Wallingford,
manufacturers, as the researchers found certain Conn”) and IPS Empress Esthetic (“Ivoclar
incompatibilities between the simplified adhesive Vivadent”) has been filled with the leucite. The
system and dual cure resin cement [30,31]. physical strength of these materials has been
Resin cements are usually polymerized through relatively lower when compared to other filled
chemicals, light or a process combining both glass material. This is one of the major reasons
light and chemicals. Light-polymerized resin why these materials were indicated mainly for
is recommended when a thin and translucent the veneers, outlays, and inlays and lower stress
ceramic is available. This is because it allows situations [3]. These forms of ceramics should
the light transmission through itself for reaching be adhesively cemented for improving their
resin cement. In contrast to light-polymerized strength [20]. The procedure of cementation is
resin, dual-polymerized resin cement is indicated almost similar to the procedure described for
whenever the ceramic has been too opaque or too predominantly glass ceramic.
thick to enable light transmission through it [17]. 5.2.2. Intermediate-filled material
Finally, polymerized resin cement with chemicals
does not offer selection in terms of translucency or Intermediate-filled material such as OPC 3G
shade. Hence, the dual-polymerized resin cement is (“Jeneric Pentron”) and IPS e-max Press (“Ivoclar
considered to be the most beneficial. In addition, the Vivadent”) has been reinforced with the lithium
accessible areas might benefit from the use of light disilicate, and it has enough strength and good
polymerization along with the dual-polymerized esthetic properties, which are sufficient to allow the
resin cement [32]. use of this material for the single crown, veneers,
A self-adhesive resin cement has been introduced and copings. These materials can be cemented
to reduce the steps in bonding and also enhance the either adhesively or non-adhesively, when it is
ease of use. Such approach helps in combining the utilized for the full-coverage restorations. Research
cement and adhesive in a single step. Using a self- studies have been reporting that there have been
etching primer before the application of cement no significant differences between both types of
is another approach developed. Dental surgeons cementations [35,36].

©2023 AccScience Publishing