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32 INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences, 2023, Vol. 6, No. 1 Sinha
5.2.3. Methods in conducting the adhesive by application of 10-methacryloyloxydecyl
cementation process using particle-filled glass dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) (silane and
ceramic phosphate monomer) before using the resin cement,
might help in improving the bond to this ceramic
Partial-coverage restoration such as the onlay, inlay, type [38,39].
and porcelain veneer restoration requires adhesive
cementation process for increasing the amount of 5.3. Polycrystalline ceramics
fracture resistance and its retention. Full-coverage
crown can be cemented either adhesively or These forms of ceramics were densely sintered
conventionally based on their preparation design. aluminum or zirconium oxide materials. They
Conventional method of cementation has been are characterized by the absence of glass in its
done with the conventional luting agent like resin- composition [2,3]. These materials resist crack
modified glass-ionomer cement, without requiring propagation as its atoms were packed into the
the intermediate agents. However, shorter, clinically regular arrays [40]. Polycrystalline ceramics have
non-retentive preparations must be adhesively higher level of strength and toughness, and it can
cemented. be utilized for framework and coping.
Another major area of consideration is the field 5.3.1. Methods in conducting the adhesive
control, as it is important for the clinicians to achieve cementation process using polycrystalline ceramic
an effective isolation in order to preserve the field free
from saliva and any other contaminants while using These ceramics were most commonly conventionally
the adhesive cements. The adhesive cementation cemented but, in some circumstances, it might
technique for particle-filled glass ceramic is benefit from the adhesive cementation process. It is
similar to procedure used for the predominantly reported that air abrasion along with application of
glass ceramic. Nonetheless, the clinicians must tribochemical silica or aluminium oxide followed
modify the conditioning process of the intaglio by application of adhesive agents increases bond
surface of restoration for achieving the optimal strength of resin cements [41]. The air abrasion
adhesion. Manufacturers have been recommending process increases the surface area available for the
to etch the intaglio surface of leucite-reinforced bonding and also introduces the quasi-plasticity,
restoration with 10% hydrofluoric acid solution for microcracks or potential sites for fracture initiation.
60 s approximately before the cementation process. Hence, the utilization of the post-sintering surface
Ceramic reinforced with lithium disilicate need to treatment still remains controversial, although the
be etched with 5% hydrofluoric acid solution for low-pressure abrasion has been recommended [42].
about 20 s approximately. The dentists should then Recent in vitro studies shows that treatment of
apply the silane, followed by a resin cement and an zirconium oxide restorations with combination
adhesive system, similar to procedure used for the of 10- MDP (MDP Monomer) and tribochemical
predominantly glass ceramic. silica or using primer based on the carboxylate and
More types of particle-filled glass have been phosphate functional monomer or a combination
made up of sintered core of the aluminum oxide of metal primer and MDP, improves the bonding
infiltrated with the molten glass. These ceramics of resin based luting cements [43-45]. In addition,
have a higher strength and fracture resistance with using primer containing MDP without the air
minimal content of glasses. They are also referred abrasion improves the in vitro long-term adhesive
to as the glass-infiltrated aluminum-oxide ceramic. property when compared to the conventional
However, these materials are conventionally cementation procedure [42,46]. It has also been
cemented rather than the adhesive cementation, thought that such adhesion-promoting agent might
because the etching glass with hydrofluoric acid produce the chemical bond to zirconium oxide [43-
does not increase the resin cement retention [37]. 47]. Hence, the usage of air abrasion with the 50-µm
However, some investigators have been reporting powder of aluminum oxide powder at 7 pounds/
that ceramic coating with the tribochemical silica square inch followed by the application of primer
and air-abrading the intaglio surface, followed containing MDP before applying the resin cement

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