Page 63 - ITPS-6-2

INNOSC Theranostics and
Pharmacological Sciences Tryptophan and schizophrenia

psychopathological richness and the clinical characteristics, Vittalle, 29: 44–56.
such as its onset in adolescence and the deteriorating https://doi.org/10.14295/vittalle.v29i2.6550
course without major neurological alterations, arouse
curiosity and generate a considerable number of studies on 2. McCusker RH, Kavelaars A, Heijnen CJ, et al., 2014,
the neurophysiological processes involved in the disease. Depression, inflammation and tryptophan metabolism. In:
The Wiley-blackwell Handbook of Psychoneuroimmunology.
Furthermore, increased KYNA can have several important Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley, p448–468.
adverse consequences in schizophrenia. Dysfunctions
of these receptors have been associated with cognitive https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118314814.ch23
impairments and symptom manifestations seen in people 3. Menegatti R, Fraga CA, Barreiro EJ, et al., 2004,
with schizophrenia . Schizophrenia: Forty years of the dopaminergic hypothesis
[3]
from the perspective of medicinal chemistry. Quim Nova,
Many advances have made it possible to better 27: 447–455.
understand the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However,
much is yet to come. Several research groups around the https://doi.org/10.1590/ s0100-40422004000300015
world, using the wide array of methodologies, are working 4. Madras BK, Cohen EL, Messing R, et al., 1974, Relevance
hard to deepen our understanding of the processes involved of free tryptophan in serum to tissue tryptophan
in the disease. It is expected that the in-depth knowledge concentrations. Metabolism, 23: 1107–1116.
of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved will allow https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(74)90027-4
the development of even more effective treatments for the
control and eventually the prevention of schizophrenia. 5. Curzon G, Friedel J, Knott PJ, 1974, The effect of fatty acids
on the binding of tryptophan to plasma protein. Nature,
Acknowledgments 242: 198–200.
None. https://doi.org/10.1038/242198a0
6. Leblhuber F, Geisler S, Steiner K, et al., 2015, Elevated fecal
Funding calprotectin in patients with Alzheimer’s dementia indicates
leaky gut. J Neural Transm (Vienna), 122: 1319–1322.
None.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-015-1381-9
Conflict of interest 7. Ruddick JP, Evans AK, Nutt DJ, et al., 2006, Tryptophan
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest metabolism in the central nervous system: Medical
that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of implications. Exp Rev Mol Med, 8: 1–27.
the commentary. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1462399406000068

Author contributions 8. Reininghaus EZ, McIntyre RS, Reininghaus B, et al., 2014,
Tryptophan breakdown is increased in euthymic overweight
Conceptualization: Heberson Teixeira da Silva, Alessandro individuals with bipolar disorder: A preliminary report.
Martins Ribeiro Bipolar Disord, 16: 432–440.
Writing – original draft: Dilceu Silveira Tolentino Júnior, https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12166
Thales Alexandre Ferreira-Aversi
Writing – review & editing: Lízia Colares Vilela 9. Anderson G, Jacob A, Bellivier F, et al., 2016, Bipolar
disorder: The role of the kynurenine and melatonergic
Ethics approval and consent to participate pathways. Curr Pharm Des, 22: 987–1012.
Not applicable. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666151214105314
10. Nguyen QT, Schroeder LF, Mank M, et al., 2010, An in vivo
Consent for publication biosensor for neurotransmitter release and in situ receptor
Not applicable. activity. Nat Neurosci, 13: 127–134.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2469
Availability of data
11. Díaz-Marsa M, Lozano C, Herranz AS, et al., 2006, Acute
Not applicable. tryptophan depletion in eating disorders. Actas Esp Psiquiatr,
34: 397–402.
References
12. Yang Y, Sauve AA, 2016, NAD(+) metabolism: Bioenergetics,
1. Carvalho MS, Mas CD, Nunes DF, et al., 2017, Tryptophan signaling and manipulation for therapy. Biochim Biophys
metabolism in mental disorders: A focus on schizophrenia. Acta, 1864: 1787–1800.

Volume 6 Issue 2 (2023) 4 https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.0435