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INNOSC Theranostics and
Pharmacological Sciences Therapeutic value of terpenes

Table 3. Biological properties of common terpenes in cannabis and other plants
Terpene Biological property Other sources Reference (s)
(or its derivative)
Myrcene Potent analgesic Ginger 139-141
Antioxidant; neuroprotective; anti-inflammatory Mango, guava, and hops 95
Anticonvulsant N/A 96
1,8-Cineole Increases cerebral blood flow and enhances cortical activity Eucalyptus obliqua L’Hér. 142
Limonene Inhibits many species of bacteria and fungi; repellent N/A 98
Anti-inflammatory; antioxidant; antiviral; antidiabetic; Grapefruit, lemon, orange peel, 95,119,140,141,
anticancer; anti-hyperglycemic and vitex 143,144
Antidepressant; anticonvulsant N/A 95,98
α-Pinene Antimicrobial; repellent N/A 96
Bronchodilator; anti-inflammatory Basel 140,141
Memory improvement/enhancement; acetylcholinesterase Pine needle and rosemary 145
inhibitor, antiseptic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory,
bronchodilator, gastroprotective
β-Pinene Antimicrobial; antiseptic; anti-tumor Mint, pepper, nutmeg, and pine 140,141,145
needle
Linalool Anxiolytic; anti-inflammatory; antimicrobial; anticancer; Lavender 4,95,140
neuroprotective; antidepressant
Anti-influenza N/A 146
Sedative; induces apoptosis in cancer cells N/A 95
α-Terpineol Antimicrobial; repellent; anti-ischemic N/A 98
Anti-inflammatory Cardamom and mugwort 141,147-149
Analgesic Pine and bitter orange tree 150
(Citrus aurantium L.) essential oils
Nociception inhibition N/A 150,151
Anticonvulsant N/A 152
Antimicrobial N/A 96,97
Gastroprotective N/A 97
Borneol Antimicrobial; repellent Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) 98
and mugwort
(Artemisia absinthium L.)
β-caryophyllene Anti-inflammatory; analgesic N/A 95
Antispasmodic in gut muscles Parsley 96
Anti-inflammatory; gastroprotective; analgesic; Clove, angelica, pennywort, and black 61,63,140,141,143,
anticancerogenic; antifungal; antibacterial; antihyperglycemic; pepper 153-156
antidepressant; anti-inflammatory; antiproliferative;
antioxidant; anxiolytic; analgesic; neuroprotective
Caryophyllene Antifungal Clove, rosemary, and hops 63
oxide
Humulene Antiallergy; anticancer Basil 95,141
Ocimene Antifungal; antibacterial; antioxidant; antiviral; Alfalfa and thyme 141,157-161
anti-inflammatory
Eucalyptus oil Expectorant (stimulates mucus); diuretic N/A 52
Clover leaf oil Analgesic N/A 52
Menthol Reduces flatulence and combats indigestion N/A 52
Abbreviation: N/A: Not available.

Volume 7 Issue 3 (2024) 5 doi: 10.36922/itps.0332