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INNOSC Theranostics and
Pharmacological Sciences Transcriptome-based RNA sequencing

Figure 1. Pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Figure created by the author.
Abbreviations: RA: Rheumatoid arthritis; IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α.

Figure 2. Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Figure created by the author.
Abbreviations: IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; MMP: Matrix metalloproteinase; RANK: Osteoclast differentiation factor.

The DNA microarray or chip method is based on we must be aware of the gene sequence for designing the
nucleic acid hybridization. In microarrays, which are also chip. Hence, for those species whose genomic sequence
known as cDNA arrays, a pre-determined set of probes information is unknown, microarray is not a good
representing the sequence of the gene fragments are fixed option because chips are not readily available and the
on a solid chip. A major limitation of this technique is that manufacturing of new chips is expensive. Another issue

Volume 8 Issue 1 (2025) 16 doi: 10.36922/itps.4449