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INNOSC Theranostics

and Pharmacological Sciences

REVIEW ARTICLE
Exploring the transcriptomic landscape of

rheumatoid arthritis using next-generation RNA
sequencing

Rideb Chakraborty , Bijoy Jana , Sandip Koner , Surya Kanta Maiti ,
Naureen Afrose , Pratibha Bhowmick , and Mithun Bhowmick*
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
Research, BASU Sarani, Bidhannagar, Durgapur, West Bengal, India

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by
inflammation and joint damage. Transcriptomics has been utilized in RA profiling
to identify locations that were previously unclear. A robust technique for examining
the intricate transcriptomic landscape of RA is next-generation RNA sequencing
(RNA-seq). This review has explored the use of RNA-seq to understand the
pathophysiology of RA. Detailed discussions are presented on the fundamentals of
RNA-seq technology, how RNA extracted from the synovium is incorporated into
gene expression patterns analysis, and how RNA-seq is superior to other methods.
*Corresponding author: We have explored several applications of RNA-seq in RA research, emphasizing its
Mithun Bhowmick potential for identifying dysregulated pathways, detecting novel biomarkers, and
(drmithunbhowmick@gmail.com)
characterizing gene expression levels. Furthermore, this review has clarified the
Citation: Chakraborty R, Jana B, regulatory networks and signaling pathways identified in RNA-seq research and
Koner S, et al. Exploring the
transcriptomic landscape of investigated the possibility of using transcriptomic RNA-seq as a diagnostic tool
rheumatoid arthritis using next- for RA. In conclusion, we have highlighted the significance of using transcriptome
generation RNA sequencing. data to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular processes
INNOSC Theranostics and
Pharmacological Sciences. underlying RA. Hence, this review underscores the revolutionary influence of RNA-
2025;8(1):14-31. seq on RA research, paving the way for improved diagnostics, tailored therapy, and
doi: 10.36922/itps.4449 the discovery of novel treatment targets for individuals with RA.
Received: August 6, 2024
Revised: September 14, 2024 Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis; Next-generation RNA sequencing; Long non-coding
Accepted: October 21, 2024 RNA; Circular RNA; Transcriptomic study
Published online: November 22,
2024
Copyright: © 2024 Author(s). 1. Introduction
This is an Open-Access article
distributed under the terms of the Approximately 0.5 – 1.0% of people worldwide suffer from rheumatoid arthritis (RA),
Creative Commons Attribution a prototypical chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease that is affected by various
License, permitting distribution,
and reproduction in any medium, hereditary, epigenetic, and environmental factors. RA is a prevalent autoimmune disease
provided the original work is that affects the entire body and is characterized by significant joint dysfunction and
properly cited. persistent inflammation. The source of the original term “rheumatoid arthritis” indicates
Publisher’s Note: AccScience inflamed and fluid joints. Although RA primarily affects the joints, it may impact other
Publishing remains neutral with organ systems such as the eyes, skin, lungs, liver, heart, and bones. Symptoms of RA
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional often include pain, stiffness, fever, edema, and inflammation in the afflicted joints. These
affiliations. symptoms generally affect the small joints in the hands and feet; however, they can also

Volume 8 Issue 1 (2025) 14 doi: 10.36922/itps.4449