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INNOSC Theranostics and
Pharmacological Sciences Ketamine for cocaine use disorder

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research, most studies relied on anti-depressant animal
models. To explore ketamine’s full potential in treating doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-803750-8.00029-4
CUD, more clinical and pre-clinical studies should focus 5. Bocklisch C, Pascoli V, Wong JCY, et al. Cocaine disinhibits
specifically on ketamine’s mechanisms and effects using dopamine neurons by potentiation of GABA transmission in
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also establish optimal dose and frequency schedules to doi: 10.1126/science.1237059
maximize patient safety and foster durable therapeutic 6. Soares-Cunha C, de Vasconcelos NAP, Coimbra B, et al.
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Acknowledgments 2020;25(12):3241-3255.
None. doi: 10.1038/s41380-019-0484-3

Funding 7. Liu Z, Le Q, Lv Y, et al. A distinct D1-MSN subpopulation
down-regulates dopamine to promote negative emotional
None. state. Cell Res. 2022;32(2):139-156.

Conflict of interest doi: 10.1038/s41422-021-00588-5
8. Gong S, Fayette N, Heinsbroek JA, Ford CP. Cocaine shifts
The authors declare they have no competing interests. dopamine D2 receptor sensitivity to gate conditioned

Author contributions behaviors. Neuron. 2021;109(21):3421-3435.e5.
doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.08.012
Conceptualization: Jiang-Hong Ye
Visualization: Xinyu Gu 9. Can A, Zanos P, Moaddel R, et al. Effects of ketamine
Writing–original draft: Ambar Liriano, Xinyu Gu, and ketamine metabolites on evoked striatal dopamine
release, dopamine receptors, and monoamine transporters.
Wanhong Zuo J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2016;359(1):159-170.
Writing–review & editing: Xinyu Gu, Jiang-Hong Ye
doi: 10.1124/jpet.116.235838
Ethics approval and consent to participate 10. Wright WJ, Dong Y. Psychostimulant-induced adaptations
Not applicable. in nucleus accumbens glutamatergic transmission. Cold
Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2020;10(12):a039255.
Consent for publication doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039255
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imaging identifies temporal signature of D1 and D2
Availability of data medium spiny neurons in cocaine reward. Proc Natl Acad
Sci. 2016;113(10):2726-2731.
Not applicable.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1521238113
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Volume 8 Issue 1 (2025) 40 doi: 10.36922/itps.4458