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INNOSC Theranostics

and Pharmacological Sciences

REVIEW ARTICLE
Application of robotics in modern surgery and

critical operations: Current status, challenges,
and future directions

Md. Anisur Rahman 1,2 , Sonia Akter Bristi 3 , Tania Yesmin 1 , and
Muhammad Torequl Islam 2,4,5 *
1 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003,
Bangladesh
2 Bioinformatics and Drug Innovation Laboratory, BioLuster Research Center Ltd., Gopalganj,
Bangladesh
3 Department of Chemistry, Kabi Nazrul Government College, University of Dhaka, Dhaka,
Bangladesh
4 Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
5 Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science
and Technology University, Gopalgan, Bangladesh

Abstract

The field of modern surgery has undergone significant transformation with the
*Corresponding author: integration of robotics, which offers unprecedented precision, reduced invasiveness,
Muhammad Torequl Islam and improved surgical outcomes. Robotic-assisted surgery has gained popularity
(dmt.islam@bsmrstu.edu.bd) across various specialties, including neurosurgery, orthopedics, urology, and cardiac
Citation: Rahman MA, Bristi SA, surgery, with systems such as the da Vinci Surgical System serving as a key example.
Yesmin T, Islam MT. Application These robotic platforms enhance surgical performance by providing greater control,
of robotics in modern surgery
and critical operations: Current three-dimensional visualization, and improved dexterity, which collectively reduce
status, challenges, and future operating fatigue, minimize human error, and shorten patient recovery times. Despite
directions. INNOSC Theranostics these advancements, challenges remain, including high operational costs, the need
and Pharmacological Sciences.
2025;8(3):12-20. for specialized training, and the limitations of robotic systems in handling complex or
doi: 10.36922/itps.4664 unforeseen situations. This review explores the current state of robotic applications in
Received: August 27, 2024 surgery, addressing both their potential and their limitations. It also discusses future
developments, particularly the role of enhanced sensory feedback, machine learning,
Revised: January 3, 2025 and artificial intelligence in advancing robotic surgery. While robotic technologies
Accepted: January 16, 2025 hold the promise of improving patient outcomes, reducing complications, and
Published online: February 6, increasing accessibility, ethical, financial, and technological challenges still need to
2025 be addressed. As robotic technologies continue to evolve, they have the potential to
Copyright: © 2025 Author(s). reshape the landscape of essential procedures and surgeries.
This is an Open-Access article
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution Keywords: Machine learning; Medical science; Artificial intelligence; Robotic surgery
License, permitting distribution,
and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is
properly cited. 1. Introduction
Publisher’s Note: AccScience
Publishing remains neutral with Robots are autonomous machines capable of perceiving their surroundings, executing
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional computations to make decisions, and performing various tasks based on given
1
affiliations instructions. The field of health and medical science is on the brink of a transformative

Volume 8 Issue 3 (2025) 12 doi: 10.36922/itps.4664