Page 23 - ITPS-8-3

INNOSC Theranostics and
Pharmacological Sciences Robotics in modern surgery and critical operations

also occasionally employed for restaging early ovarian and benefits, such as decreased post-operative discomfort,
cervical cancer. Compared to traditional keyhole and open shorter hospital stays, and better cosmetic outcomes. As
34
abdominal surgery, the advantages of 3D viewing include the demand for this cutting-edge technology in pediatric
enhanced depth perception, reduced tremor, improved surgery continues to grow, pediatric anesthesiologists
precision, better tissue discrimination, a shorter learning will be required to provide anesthetic care for patients
curve, and increased surgeon comfort. When compared undergoing procedures with unique intraoperative
to traditional keyhole surgery, robotic-assisted keyhole requirements and potential complications. Robots
37
surgery reduces blood loss and intra- or post-operative have been used to assist in a huge number of pediatric
complications, enhances surgical performance without surgical procedures, with success rates comparable to
extending operating time, and decreases the need for those of traditional laparoscopy. RAS is safe and effective
19
abdominal surgery. One study found that the introduction for children, and its application in pediatric surgical
35
of robots in the United Kingdom led to a decrease in the specialties has been steadily increasing. It is anticipated
number of open radical hysterectomies. A recent meta- that its current limitations will be addressed in the future
analysis reviewing nine studies demonstrated widespread through further evaluation of robotic systems and surgical
acceptance of robots for cervical cancer surgery, not only expertise. For instance, some adult-focused studies and
for hysterectomy but also for trachelectomy. 36 recent pediatric case reports indicate that 3 mm devices
represent a promising technological advancement in
2.9. Robotic-assisted pediatric surgery minimally invasive pediatric surgery. Over the past few
38
For the past 20 years, children have been undergoing years, laparoscopic techniques have been proven beneficial
RAS, a novel technology with various potential clinical and safe for both adult and pediatric populations. As

Table 1. Applications of robotics in modern surgery and critical operations
Aspect Present status Expectations Challenges
Robotic systems Robotic-assisted surgery (e.g., da Vinci Development of more specialized High initial costs of robotic systems
surgical system) is widely used in robots for specific organs,
minimally invasive procedures procedures, or tasks
Applications Commonly used in urology, gynecology, Expansion into neurosurgery, Limited access to advanced robotic
cardiac surgery, and orthopedics pediatric surgery, and other complex systems in low-resource settings
areas
Precision and minimally Robots provide enhanced precision, Further precision improvements to Potential over-reliance on technology,
invasive surgery stability, and range of motions in surgery reduce human error and enhance reducing human surgical skills in the
outcomes in complex procedures long term
Tele-surgery Tele-surgery is becoming more viable with Remote surgery capabilities, allowing Reliance on high-speed internet and the
advancements in 5G and communication experts to operate from afar risk of delays during critical procedures
technologies
Training and simulation Robotic surgery training systems exist but Advanced simulators for safer, Unequal access to training, particularly in
are not universally accessible risk-free training without the need developing countries
for patient involvement
Patient recovery and Robotic surgery has been shown to reduce Continued improvement in patient Uncertainty about long-term benefits and
outcomes blood loss, pain, and recovery time outcomes through even less invasive potential complications
techniques
Integration with AI AI and machine learning are integrated Full AI integration to assist surgeons Ethical concerns and the need for
into some robotic systems to provide in diagnosis, planning, and real-time regulations regarding AI involvement in
decision support decision-making critical decisions
Cost-effectiveness High upfront cost and maintenance Reduced costs over time through High initial costs may limit widespread
requirements of robotic systems widespread adoption, improving adoption, especially in public healthcare
cost-effectiveness systems
Safety and error Improved safety through precision, but Reduction of human error and more Risk of malfunctions or system failures
reduction risks remain due to robot malfunctions or reliable robotic systems during critical surgeries
user errors
Personalized medicine Robots enable precision medicine by Tailoring robotic procedures to Need for greater customization of robotic
adapting to each patient’s unique anatomy individual patient's needs, reducing systems for different body types and
risks, and improving recovery medical conditions
Abbreviations: AI: Artificial intelligence; 5G: The fifth generation of cellular network technology.

Volume 8 Issue 3 (2025) 17 doi: 10.36922/itps.4664