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INNOSC Theranostics and
Pharmacological Sciences Robotics in modern surgery and critical operations

previously demonstrated, laparoscopy offers shorter Author contributions
hospital stays, smaller surgical scars, and faster recovery.
In some cases, it has even replaced open surgery as the Conceptualization: Md. Anisur Rahman, Muhammad
preferred approach. However, more complex procedures, Torequl Islam
particularly intracorporeal anastomosis or extensive Writing – original draft: Md. Anisur Rahman, Sonia Akter
Bristi, Tania Yesmin
reconstruction, have hindered its widespread adoption.
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Studies comparing robotic surgery to traditional open Writing – review & editing: Md. Anisur Rahman,
or laparoscopic procedures found that robotic surgery Muhammad Torequl Islam
resulted in shorter hospital stays and produced comparable Ethics approval and consent to participate
outcomes in the adult population. The first robotic
40
surgical system, da Vinci (Intuitive Surgical, United States Not applicable.
of America), received FDA approval in 2000. In a more
recent study, reported that 20 out of the 24 patients who Consent for publication
underwent robot-assisted interventions were successfully Not applicable.
treated using the da Vinci. Procedures included eight
antegrade continence enemas, six bladder neck repair Availability of data
surgeries, and 16 appendicovesicostomies. These findings Not applicable.
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highlight that the robot provides functional outcomes
similar to those of open or laparoscopic surgeries, while References
also offering the benefits inherent in minimally invasive 1. Thai MT, Phan PT, Hoang TT, Wong S, Lovell NH, Do TN.
surgery. Although robotic surgery is reliable and effective Advanced intelligent systems for surgical robotics. Adv Intell
for complex procedures in children, its advantages must be Syst. 2020;2:1900138.
weighed against the increased costs and longer operating doi: 10.1002/aisy.201900138
times associated with this technology. Notably, challenges
19
remain, such as the mismatch between large instruments 2. Dzedzickis A, Subačiūtė-Žemaitienė J, Šutinys E, Samukaitė-
and the small thorax, the higher risk of skin scarring Bubnienė U, Bučinskas V. Advanced applications of
compared to a thoracoscopic technique, and the high cost industrial robotics: New trends and possibilities. Appl Sci.
of robotic surgery for cardiothoracic disorders. Robotic 2021;12:135.
cardiothoracic surgery in children remains challenging, doi: 10.3390/app12010135
with only a small number of patients being suitable 3. Macmanus Q, Okies JE, Phillips SJ, Starr A. Surgical
candidates, and the indications for its use must be closely considerations in patients undergoing repeat median
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monitored. Applications of robotic technology in modern sternotomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1975;69:138-143.
surgery and critical operation are summarized in Table 1.
doi: 10.1016/S0022-5223(19)41621-8
3. Conclusion and future perspectives 4. Güllü AU, Şenay S, Ersin E, et al. Robotic‐assisted cardiac
surgery without aortic cross‐clamping: A safe alternative
Robotic technology has overcome many of the challenges approach. J Cardiac Surg. 2021;36:165-1681.
associated with conventional endoscopic surgery, ushering
in a new era in medical science that has contributed to a doi: 10.1111/jocs.15160
reduction in mortality rates. However, there are concerns 5. Koulaouzidis G, Charisopoulou D, Bomba P, et al. Robotic-
that the widespread adoption of advanced robotic assisted solutions for invasive cardiology, cardiac surgery
technology could lead to job displacement for doctors and and routine on-ward tasks: A narrative review. J Cardiovasc
other healthcare professionals. Dev Dis. 2023;10:399.
doi: 10.3390/jcdd10090399
Acknowledgments
6. Ferguson JM, Pitt B, Kuntz A, et al. Comparing the accuracy
None. of the da Vinci Xi and da Vinci Si for image guidance and
automation. Int J Med Robot. 2020;16:1-10.
Funding
doi: 10.1002/rcs.2149
None.
7. Ojima T, Nakamura M, Hayata K, Kitadani J, Takeuchi A,
Conflict of interest Yamaue H. Comparison of short-term surgical outcomes
using da Vinci S, Si and Xi surgical system for robotic gastric
The authors declare that they have no competing interests. cancer surgery. Sci Rep. 2021;11:11063.

Volume 8 Issue 3 (2025) 18 doi: 10.36922/itps.4664