Page 43 - ITPS-8-3

INNOSC Theranostics and
Pharmacological Sciences Precision medicine and beyond in oncology

Table 1. Drug list for established targeted therapies
Drug name Target Biomarker Method of Clinical use Adverse effects Sample Reference Combinations
detection size
Trastuzumab- HER2 HER2 Biopsy+IHC Breast, bladder, Nausea, vomiting, Synthesized Martín Antibody - drug
deruxtecan ovarian, gastric constipation, diarrhea, in review a et al. 6 conjugate
cancers, NSCLC anorexia, fatigue, (trastuzumab +
alopecia, anemia deruxtecan)
Pembrolizumab PD-1 N/A Biopsy+flow NSCLC, HCC, Diarrhea, autoimmune 154 Reck et al. 7
cytometry hepatitis, type 2 diabetes
mellitus, and immune
reactions
Osimertinib EGFR N/A Biopsy+flow NSCLC Rash, acne, diarrhea, 279 Soria et al. 8 Osimertinib
cytometry dry skin, interstitial platinum - based
and serum lung disease, QT chemotherapies
prolongation (0.33%),
one patient each had
fatal pneumonia, cerebral
infarction, myocardial
infarction, pulmonary
embolism
Palbociclib CDK4/6 N/A Biopsy+flow Hormone- Neutropenia, leukopenia, 417 Turner Palbociclib +
cytometry positive breast thrombocytopenia, et al. 9 fulvestrant
cancer, HCC fatigue, nausea, headache,
upper respiratory
infections
10
Letrozole Aromatase N/A Biopsy+IHC ER or Arthralgia, hot flashes, 164; 666 Ingle et al. ; Palbociclib;
PgR-positive weight gain, insomnia, Finn et al. 11 letrozole
breast cancer vaginitis, fatigue
Fulvestrant ERa HER2 Biopsy+flow ER-positive breast Hot flashes, headache, 347 patients Cristofanilli Palbociclib +
cytometry cancer nausea, vomiting, et al. 11 fulvestrant
constipation, increased
LFTs, UTIs, rashes,
vaginitis
Dabrafenib BRAF N/A Biopsy+flow NSCLC Fatigue, pyrexia, 36 patients Planchard Dabrafenib +
V600E cytometry headache, arthralgia, et al. 12 trametinib
hyperkeratosis,
retinal vein occlusion,
pneumonitis, interstitial
lung disease, cutaneous
SCC
Trametinib MEK1, Ki67 Biopsy+flow Melanoma, Dermatitis acneiform, Synthesized Salama Dabrafenib +
MEK2, cytometry NSCLC peripheral edema, in review a et al. 13 trametinib
BRAF fatigue, nausea
Sorafenib Raf-1, ACSL4 Serum HCC Fatigue, weight loss, 227 patients Llovet
14
BRAF, desquamation, hand-foot et al. and
VEGFR1-3, skin reaction, alopecia, Feng et al. 15
PDGFR-β diarrhea, anorexia,
nausea, vomiting, voice
change
Note: N/A refers to not available. Indicates data sourced from reviews Martín et al. and Feng et al., which synthesize evidence rather than report
a
15
6
original sample size.
Abbreviations: ACSL4: Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4; BRAF: V-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1; CDK4/6:
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6; EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; ER: Estrogen receptor; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HER2: Human
epidermal growth factor receptor 2; IHC: Immunohistochemistry; LFTs: Liver function tests; MEK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; NSCLC:
Non-small cell lung cancer; PD-1: Programmed cell death protein 1; PDGFR-β: Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta; PgR: Progesterone
receptor; Raf-1: Rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma 1; SCC; Squamous cell carcinoma; UTIs: Urinary tract infections; VEGFR: Vascular endothelial
growth factor receptor.

Volume 8 Issue 3 (2025) 37 doi: 10.36922/ITPS025140018