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INNOSC Theranostics and
Pharmacological Sciences Precision medicine and beyond in oncology

Table 2. Drug list for preclinical/clinical therapies
Drug name Target Biomarker Clinical use Method of Adverse effects Sample Reference Combination
detection size
Sotorasib KRAS N/A CRC, PDAC, Biopsy+flow Diarrhea, 129 patients Hong et al. 65 Sotorasib +
endometrial cytometry (mainly fatigue, nausea, panitumumab
cancer, NSCLC, serum for CRC anemia, elevated
melanoma progression) LFTs, hepatitis,
hyponatremia
Adagrasib KRAS N/A NSCLC, CRC, Biopsy+flow Fatigue, nausea, 25 patients Ou et al. 66 Adagrasib +
PDAC cytometry vomiting, diarrhea docetaxel
+ cetuximab
CAR T-cell CD19, GCC N/A Metastatic Serum Cytokine release 15 patients Chen et al. 67
CRC, B-cell syndrome,
ALL, DLBCL, diarrhea
multiple
myeloma
Regorafenib VEGFR N/A CRC, liver Serum Hand-foot 42 patients Wang et al. 68 Regorafenib +
metastasis, syndrome, rash, toripalimab
fever, hoarseness,
diarrhea,
hypertension,
hepatotoxicity,
chest distress,
myalgia, headache,
thrombocytopenia,
fatigue
Toripalimab PD-1 N/A CRC, liver Serum Leukopenia, 289 patients Mai et al. 69 Regorafenib +
metastasis, hypothyroidism, Toripalimab
nasopharyngeal pruritus,
carcinoma pneumonia,
and immune
myocarditis
Cabozantinib VEGFR, N/A CRC Serum Acneiform rash, 25 patients Strickler Cabozantinib +
c-MET fatigue, diarrhea et al. 70 panitumumab
Panitumumab EGFR N/A CRC Serum Nausea, 160 patients Fakih et al. 71 Cabozantinib +
neutropenia, panitumumab
dermatitis and sotorasib +
acneiform, panitumumab
hypomagnesemia,
diarrhea,
hepatotoxicity
Nivolumab PD-1 N/A Melanoma, Serum Maculopapular Abedi
squamous cell rash, erythema, Kiasari
lung cancer, hepatitis, infusion et al. 72
NSCLC, HCC reactions
Camrelizumab PD-1 N/A Esophageal Biopsy+flow Neutropenia, 596 patients Xu et al. 73 Camrelizumab +
squamous cell cytometry hepatitis, reactive apatinib
carcinoma, cutaneous capillary
HCC endothelial
proliferation
Apatinib VEGFR2 N/A HCC Serum Hypertension, 400 patients Qin et al. 74 Camrelizumab +
hand-foot apatinib
syndrome, and
thrombocytopenia
Cadonilimab PD-1, CTLA-4 N/A Cervical cancer Serum Neutropenia, 445 patients Wu et al. 75
lymphopenia, and
anemia
(Cont’d...)

Volume 8 Issue 3 (2025) 42 doi: 10.36922/ITPS025140018