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Journal of Chinese
            Architecture and Urbanism                                             Urban features of PRD in online image




            Table 7. Top ten and top three high‑frequency words in texts associated with central towns in Guangzhou
            Name                                Top ten words (in order of frequency)            Top three word
                                                                                                  frequencies
                                                                                                1    2    3
            Taihe town     Travel, specialty, culture, food, valley, farm, Baishan village, Dongpo, refreshing, original  16  14  14
            Zhongluotan town  Valley, Longgang village, donation, energy, Chamber of Commerce, smooth, park, style, livelihood, home   17  13  10
                           for the elderly
            Jianggao town  South, park, countryside, culture, center, Hegang, base, development, old village, beautiful  22  13  10
            Shilou town    Darling, elementary school, shrine, south, seagull, land, plant, area, school, history  14  14  10
            Shawan town    Historical town, tourism, attractions, fulfillment, quality, photography department, scenery, Lingnan,   66  25  13
                           travelogue, broadway
            Huadong town   Landscape, region, landscape, town, Europe, photography department, landscape, resort, planning,   25  17  16
                           mountain towns
            Tanbu town     Village, garbage sorting, valley, south, beautiful, river and lake front, houses, subway, scenery, genealogy  16  15  10
            Shiling town   Valley, Cangxi, leather, platform, transportation facilities, investment, leather, digitalization, tourism, parks  16  15  11
            Wanqingsha town  Resettlement, scenery, action, new homes, amenities, environment, landscape, countryside, idyllic, mangroves  15  12  10
            Dagang town    Countryside, science and technology, valley, beauty, history and culture, sports, facilities, springtime,   13  10  10
                           scenery, Cantonese opera
            Liangkou town  Ecology, prune, beautiful, tourists, hot springs, reservoir, environment, tourism, blue rivers and lakes, tongue  20  15  10
            Taiping town   Tourism, attractions, tourists, Liuxi river, banks, parks, landscapes, valleys, historical towns, literature,   19  19  12
                           and history
            Aotou town     Valley, countryside, story, arts district, straw, agriculture, health, green, base, access  15  10  9
            Xintang town   City, culture, valley, elementary school, family, historical and modern, promotional association, library,   21  17  16
                           Ganquan Zhan, scenery
            Shitan town    City, slate, upstream, community, folklore, transportation facilities, tourism, flatbed, elementary school,   22  8  6
                           culture
            Zhongxin town  Urban, rural, valley, center, campus, architecture, high school, culture, community, home buying  35  8  8


              Only two towns – Doumen town in Zhuhai city and   They are characterized by their ability to receive significant
            Yuezhen town in Zhaoqing city – are classified as “cultural   urban influence, provide robust trade circulation, public
            tourism towns.” These towns combine the textual imagery   services, and other functions, and exhibit a strong
            type “history, culture, and tourism” with the image   inclination toward urbanization. Spatially, these towns
            recognition tag “traditional towns.” This finding highlights   are predominantly located on the periphery of large- and
            their distinction compared to other traditional towns, with   medium-sized cities or counties (Figure 7).
            deeper impressions, more prominent cultural branding,
            and uniquely recognizable nodes.                   5. Discussion: The internet-based image
                                                               recognition method and its potential to
              Xiqiao Town in Foshan City stands out as the only   shape town landscapes
            “eco-town,” with the image tag “plants” and the textual
            imagery type “eco-development.” This suggests that Xiqiao   Small towns serve as the initial stop for the urbanization
            mountain’s countryside recreation function is more widely   of rural populations. As central towns have remained in a
            recognized by the public than similar landscape resources   state of “semi-urbanization” for an extended period, their
            in other towns.                                    spatial characteristics often reflect a blend of urban and rural
                                                               dichotomies. These towns retain the original rural settlement
              Furthermore, the overlay of the image tags       texture while undergoing transformation and reconstruction
            “architecture” and “urban events” with the textual imagery   driven by urbanization. Small towns within the PRD urban
            type “comprehensive service” identifies 19 towns, including   agglomeration must navigate relationships with large- and
            Xintang town in Guangzhou city. These “comprehensive   medium-sized cities and megacities, tailoring their industries
            service  towns”  demonstrate  greater  public  recognition   and development paths to their unique resource endowment
            compared to other towns with similar landscape resources.   and geographical locations (Luo, 2022).


            Volume 7 Issue 2 (2025)                         11                       https://doi.org/10.36922/jcau.5733
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