Page 33 - JCBP-1-2

Journal of Clinical and
Basic Psychosomatics Satisfaction of home-school cooperation

Authoritative parents are emotionally warm towards were aged from 40 to 49, and 36 participants (10.7%)
their children and sensitive to their needs, and encourage were aged 50 and above. Furthermore, 23 participants
autonomy and set clear behavioral rules for them. This (6.9%) have completed primary school, 166 (49.6%) have
assists children in mastering crucial developmental completed junior high school, 66 (19.7%) have completed
tasks during the early stages and using this foundation high school, and 80 (23.9%) have graduated from colleges
to develop more complex and differentiated abilities to or above. No monetary rewards were given to these
confront environmental challenges in later life [32,33] . In participants for participating in this study.
contrast, authoritarian parents are neglectful of their
children’s emotional needs, criticize them frequently, and 2.2. Instruments
[34]
discourage their autonomy , which could be harmful to 2.2.1. General demographic questionnaires
their mental resilience. There is also literature suggesting Participants were inquired about their demographic
that parents’ anxiety affects parenting styles; for instance, details, including gender, age, educational background,
anxious parents tend to be less warm and positive, allow occupation, monthly income of family, and whether the
less autonomy, and adopt a more critical and disastrous children live on campus or at home.
parenting style . Therefore, higher parents’ education
[35]
anxiety might result in a shift from the authoritative 2.2.2. Mental resilience questionnaires
parenting style to the authoritarian one, which negatively The Resilience Scale-11 (RS-11) developed by Gao
impacts the children’s mental resilience. et al. was used to survey the children. This questionnaire
[36]
Overall, this study attempts to investigate the includes 11 items, which adopts a 7-point Likert scale
relationship between the parents’ satisfaction of home- ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree).
school cooperation and the adolescent mental resilience, The higher scores mean higher mental resilience. This
and the mediating roles of parents’ education anxiety questionnaire demonstrates good validity and reliability,
and parenting style in this relationship. There are four with a Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.88 and a KMO value
hypotheses in this study: (i) Parents’ satisfaction of home- of 0.89.
school cooperation is positively correlated to children’s 2.2.3. Questionnaires for parents’ satisfaction of
mental resilience, (ii) parents’ education anxiety mediates home-school cooperation
the correlation between parents’ satisfaction and children’s
mental resilience, (iii) parenting style mediates the The questionnaire for parents’ satisfaction of home-school
[37]
correlation between parents’ satisfaction and children’s cooperation developed by Ma was used to survey the
mental resilience, and (iv) parents’ education anxiety and parents. This questionnaire includes 18 items, which can
parenting style are sequential mediators in the correlation be categorized into four dimensions: Cooperation efficacy,
between parents’ satisfaction and children’s mental cooperation atmosphere, teacher involvement, and
resilience. platform characteristics. It uses a 4-point Likert scale which
ranges from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree),
2. Methods where higher scores mean higher parents’ satisfaction. The
overall Cronbach’s α coefficient for the four dimensions is
2.1. Participants
0.85, and the individual Cronbach’s α coefficients are 0.85,
From February to April 2023, random and convenient 0.84, 0.80, and 0.87, respectively, for the four dimensions.
sampling was adopted to survey the mothers and fathers of The KMO value is 0.96, which shows good reliability and
junior high school and senior high school students in three validity.
cities in Hebei province, China, using online questionnaires.
In total, 500 questionnaires were distributed and 450 2.2.4. Parenting style questionnaires
questionnaires were recovered. The response rate of the The Chinese version of the short form of the Egna Minnen
questionnaire was 90%. After eliminating questionnaires av Barndoms Uppfostran, which measures parenting styles
with incomplete answers or missing data, 335 groups and was revised by Jiang in 2010 , was used to survey the
[38]
of valid questionnaires were retained. The enrollment children. This questionnaire includes 21 items, which can
criteria are as follows: (i) Children aged 12–18 years old; be categorized into three dimensions: Rejection, emotional
and (ii) students who go to school regularly. The exclusion warmth, and overprotection, and a 4-point Likert scale is
criteria are as follows: (i) Children with mental state and adopted, ranging from 1 (never) to 4 (always). The higher
intellectual disabilities; and (ii) people with communication scores in any dimension indicate a higher level of that
difficulties. Among these parents, 155 participants (46.3%) parenting style. The Cronbach’s α coefficients for the three
were aged between 30 and 39, 144 participants (43.0%) dimensions are 0.87, 0.88 and 0.70, respectively, and the

Volume 1 Issue 2 (2023) 3 https://doi.org/10.36922/jcbp.1109