Page 12 - JCBP-2-1

Journal of Clinical and
Basic Psychosomatics MRI and functional constipation

Table 1. Studies related to brain abnormality in patients with functional constipation based on magnetic resonance imaging
Study Case number Duration of constipation Main results found in patients with FC
(FC/HC) of patients (mean±SE)
Zhu et al. [28] 14/26 11.1±2.2 (years) Baseline brain activities increased in the aINS, HIPP, dACC, and OFC and
decreased in the PreCen and SMA. Stronger effective connectivity from
OFC to aINS, HIPP, and dACC; from dACC to aINS and HIPP. Weaker
connectivity from PreCen to aINS, HIPP, dACC and OFC; from SMA to
aINS, HIPP, dACC and PreCen; from OFC to SMA
Li et al. [29] 37/28 (FCAD/FCNAD) 8.8±1.1/9.4±1.5 (years) Baseline brain activities decreased in the OFC and THA; RSFC strength
increased in OFC-HIPP of FCAD patients compared to FCNAD
Jin et al. [30] 34/12 (FC_F/FC_M) 10.3±1.4/9.4±2.1 (years) Baseline brain activities decreased in PreCen, THA, INS, and OFC; RSFC
strength decreased in the INS-OFC of FC_F compared to FC-M
Zhang et al. [34] 39/36 (FC_F/HC_F) None FC_F had stronger FNC in the SN-BGN and DMN-LCEN and weaker
FNC in the SN-RCEN than female HC
Zhang et al. [43] 20/20 7.3±3.7 (months) Decreased interactive connectivity between RSNs, primarily including the
connections to the visual perception network
Liu et al. [45] 42/41 None Normalized clustering coefficient and small-worldness were lower;
changes in nodal degree/efficiency were mainly observed in the
THA-cortical network; decreased inter-module connectivity between the
BGN and limbic networks
Yu et al. [47] 28/29 12.282±8.81 (years) Nodal degree increased in the SMN and decreased in the DMN; nodal
efficiency increased in the SMN and DMN
Yin et al. [52] 83/80 60.08±31.14 (months) Occurrence rate reduced and mean dwell time decreased in the state
characterized by complex and tight connectivity between the DMN and
the cognitive control network; anterior insula-cortical coupling patterns
were aberrant in this state
Hu et al. [57] 29/29 10.6±1.5 (years) Cortical thickness was reduced in the left MFG, DMPFC and VMPFC,
right dACC, left OFC, PCC/PCUN, MTG, and SMA; cortical volume
was reduced in the MTG, PreCen and PCUN/cuneus, along with cortical
surface area reduced in the PreCen
Jia et al. [62] 48/52 None GMV reduced in the right MFG, left INS, and ACC; FA of the right
MFG-ACC, left INS-left MFG, and right INS-right MFG decreased
Cai et al. [63] 30/30 None GMV was reduced in the right OFC, left PreCen, and THA
Hu et al. [65] 26/31 6.33±1.09 (years) FA decreased, and MD/RD increased in the specific regions in the corpus
callosum and corona radiate
Zhang et al. [70] 31/29 None FA decreased in the fibers connecting the THA with AMY, HIPP, PostCen,
SMA, PCUN, and PreCen; MD and RD increased in the THA-AMY,
THA-HIPP, and RD increased in the THA-SMA
Peihong et al. [73] 70/45 61.04±29.44 (months) Nodal characteristics increased in the SFG, MFG, and ACG and
paracingulate and decreased in the left caudate and left THA
Abbreviations: aINS: Anterior insula; BGN: Basal ganglia network; dACC: Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex; DMN: Default mode network;
FA: Fractional anisotropy; FNC: Functional network connectivity; GMV: Gray matter volume; HIPP: Hippocampus; LCEN: Left control executive
network; MD: Mean diffusivity; MFG: Middle frontal gyrus; MTG: Middle temporal gyrus; OFC: Orbital frontal cortex; PCUN: Precuneus;
PreCen: Precentral gyrus; RCEN: Right control executive network; RD: Radial diffusivity; RSFC: Resting-state functional connectivity;
RSNs: Resting-state networks; SFG: Superior frontal gyrus; SMA: Supplementary motor area; SMN: Sensorimotor network; SN: Salience network;
SOG: Superior occipital gyrus; THA: Thalamus.

emotional regulation, suggesting that negative emotions that FCAD manifests more severe symptoms of abnormal
induced by constipation symptoms cannot be effectively motor control and behavioral response than FCNAD [29,32] .
modulated, thereby aggravating the condition . Equally
[30]
important is the distinction between FCAD and FCNAD. 2.2. Abnormal resting-state functional connectivity
Studies indicate that FCAD has higher ALFF in the OFC, between brain regions
PreCen, and SMA and lower ALFF in the anterior cingulate Grounded in the concept that brain regions with
cortex (ACC), HIPP, INS, and hypothalamus (Hy), indicating similar functional activity tend to exhibit synchronized

Volume 2 Issue 1 (2024) 4 https://doi.org/10.36922/jcbp.1463