Page 20 - JCBP-3-2

Journal of Clinical and
Basic Psychosomatics Alcohol use disorder relapse: Tools and factors

Table 1. Types, onset characteristics, and symptoms of alcohol use disorders in the International Classification of Diseases
Types Onset characteristics Symptoms
Acute alcohol poisoning Occurs shortly after a single Initially characterized by excitement, followed by slurred speech, ataxia,
large-volume alcohol intake confusion, and other symptoms. Generally resolves within a few hours to
days without long-term dependence-related effects
Harmful use of alcohol Repeated alcohol consumption leads Physically, it may cause issues such as gastritis and liver disease. Socially,
to adverse consequences it can affect work performance and family relationships. No increase in
tolerance or withdrawal symptoms occurs, and the degree of dependence is
not reached
Alcohol dependence Develops over prolonged periods of Tolerance increases, requiring a higher amount of alcohol; withdrawal
syndrome alcohol use symptoms occur. There is a strong craving for alcohol, difficulty controlling
drinking behavior, and alcohol assumes an important role in the person’s life
Alcohol withdrawal Triggered by abruptly stopping Physical symptoms include tremors, palpitations, sweating, and mental
syndrome or reducing alcohol intake after symptoms such as anxiety, insomnia, hallucinations, and delusions. In
long-term heavy drinking severe cases, delirium tremens or epileptic seizures may occur
Alcohol-induced Occurs during alcohol use or Mainly characterized by psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and
psychiatric disorders withdrawal delusions, including hearing non-existent voices or firmly believing in being
persecuted. These symptoms are closely related to alcohol use
Alcohol-induced mood Emerges during alcohol use or Primarily presents with mood symptoms such as depression and anxiety,
disorders withdrawal which are related to the impact of alcohol on neurotransmitters
Alcohol-induced Results from prolonged heavy Characterized by memory loss, cognitive decline, and, in severe cases,
neurocognitive disorders drinking symptoms similar to dementia, affecting daily life

Table 2. Eleven clinical symptoms and their specific manifestations of alcohol use disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision

Clinical symptoms Specific manifestations
Tolerance There is a need to increase the amount of alcohol consumed, or
the effect is reduced when the same amount is consumed
Withdrawal Withdrawal symptoms occur when alcohol use is stopped, or
alcohol is consumed to alleviate withdrawal discomfort
Excessive drinking The amount of alcohol consumed often far exceeds the planned or
intended amount
Lack of control There are repeated attempts to control alcohol use, but these
efforts are unsuccessful
Spending excessive time A significant amount of time is spent obtaining, consuming
alcohol, or recovering from its effects
Giving up important activities due to drinking Social, work, and other activities are abandoned or reduced due
to alcohol use
Continuing to drink despite the harm Despite being aware that alcohol use causes physical and
psychological harms, drinking continues
Craving There is a strong desire or impulse to drink alcohol
Neglecting other hobbies Alcohol use takes precedence over other hobbies or interests,
subsequently neglected
Drinking in dangerous situations Drinking continues in dangerous situations, such as when driving
Continuing to drink despite knowing the harm Although recognizing that alcohol use is harmful, drinking
continues

after treatment and discharge, with an average relapse time the effectiveness of withdrawal interventions, leading to
of 58.12 ± 2.45 days and a relapse rate of 70.00%. further deterioration of their condition and a significant

The high relapse rate during the early stages presents a increase in mortality. Identifying the factors contributing
significant challenge in treating AUDs. Repeated drinking to the early high relapse rate in AUD patients who have
severely affects the patient’s confidence in retreatment and successfully quit drinking after treatment is crucial. This

Volume 3 Issue 2 (2025) 14 doi: 10.36922/jcbp.6559