Page 31 - JCBP-3-3

Journal of Clinical and

Basic Psychosomatics

REVIEW ARTICLE
The gut–brain axis: Collective impact of

psychosomatic conditions and gut microbiota
on health and disease

Alejandro Camacho-Zamora, Ángel R. Rábago-Monzón, David A. Armienta-Rojas,
Josué Camberos-Barraza, and Alberto K. De la Herrán-Arita*
Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán,
Sinaloa, México

Abstract
The gut–brain axis represents a dynamic, bidirectional communication system
linking the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through neural,
hormonal, and immune pathways. A growing body of research highlights the role
of gut microbiota in modulating neuroinflammatory responses, neurotransmitter
production, and vagal nerve signaling. However, while numerous reviews have
addressed gut microbiota’s impact on health and disease, few have systematically
compared findings across different study models or emphasized recent advances
*Corresponding author: in therapeutic interventions. Hence, this review consolidates present research on
Alberto K. De la Herrán-Arita
(alberto.kousuke@uas.edu.mx) the interplay between gut microbiota, psychological conditions (stress, anxiety,
and depression), and GI disorders (irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory
Citation: Camacho-Zamora A,
Rábago-Monzón ÁR, Armienta- bowel disease). This review explores the latest methodologies, including genomic
Rojas DA, Camberos-Barraza J, approaches and metabolomics, to understand microbial signatures in health and
De la Herrán-Arita AK. The gut– disease. Furthermore, it examines therapeutic interventions, including probiotics,
brain axis: Collective impact of
psychosomatic conditions and gut pre-biotics, dietary modifications, and fecal microbiota transplantation, and their
microbiota on health and disease. efficacy across different studies. The gut–brain axis plays a crucial role in health
J Clin Basic Psychosom. and disease through complex interactions between gut microbiota, psychological
2025;3(3):25-44.
doi: 10.36922/JCBP025040008 conditions, and GI disorders. By consolidating recent research and advancements
in therapeutic interventions, this review provides a comprehensive perspective on
Received: January 25, 2025
emerging methodologies and potential treatments. A deeper understanding of
1st revised: March 11, 2025 these mechanisms may pave the way for more effective, personalized therapeutic
2nd revised: March 19, 2025 strategies.
Accepted: March 20, 2025
Keywords: Gut–brain Axis; Microbiota; Nervous system; Psychosomatic
Published online: April 3, 2025
Copyright: © 2025 Author(s).
This is an Open-Access article
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution 1. Introduction
License, permitting distribution,
and reproduction in any medium, The gut–brain axis represents a dynamic communication system linking the
provided the original work is gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS) through neural,
properly cited. endocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways. This is facilitated by critical components,
Publisher’s Note: AccScience including the vagus nerve and the enteric nervous system. The vagus nerve, which
Publishing remains neutral with extends from the brainstem to the gut, transmits signals that influence mood, cognition,
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional and stress responses. In parallel, the enteric nervous system, often called the “second
affiliations. brain,” operates independently to regulate GI functions while maintaining strong

Volume 3 Issue 3 (2025) 25 doi: 10.36922/JCBP025040008