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354 Aminizadeh et al. | Journal of Clinical and Translational Research 2024; 10(6): 348-356
5. Conclusion Investigation: Beydolah Shahouzehi, Soheil Aminizadeh,
Hamid Najafipour, Yaser Masoumi-Ardakani
The findings of this study highlight the differential impacts Methodology: Beydolah Shahouzehi, Soheil Aminizadeh,
of exercise modalities, ET and HIIT, on mitochondrial quality Mohammad Pourranjbar
control in skeletal muscle. Our results indicate that ET Writing – original draft: All authors
significantly enhances mitochondrial dynamics, evidenced by Writing – review & editing: All author
a robust increase in the expression levels of proteins linked to
mitochondrial fusion and fission, specifically DRP1, MFN1, Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate
and OPA1. These adaptations underscore ET’s superior
capacity to improve mitochondrial function, which is crucial for The animal procedure was approved by the guidelines of the
muscle metabolism and performance. HIIT, while beneficial, Animal Care Committee of the Ethics Committee of Kerman
primarily promoted mitochondrial fusion as indicated by the University of Medical Sciences (IR.KMU.REC.1400.292).
increase in MFN1 protein levels, suggesting a more focused All methods were performed in accordance with the ARRIVE
impact on mitochondrial dynamics under anaerobic conditions. (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments)
Interestingly, although MitoQ treatment alone did not elicit guidelines 2.0.
substantial changes in mitochondrial dynamics, its combination Consent for Publication
with exercise training shed light on their complex interactions:
in combination with ET, MitoQ appeared to downregulate Not applicable.
mitochondrial protein expression, whereas coupled with HIIT,
it further enhanced DRP1 expression, suggesting the varying Availability of Data
effects of this pharmacological intervention depending on the The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the
exercise modality. This finding is critical, as it implies that current study are available from the corresponding author on
while MitoQ may support certain mitochondrial functions, its reasonable request.
effects are context-dependent and highlight the necessity of
investigating specific exercise protocols in conjunction with References
administration of mitochondria-targeted therapies. [1] Karbowski M. Mitochondria on Guard: Role of
To build a more comprehensive understanding of the
mechanisms underlying these observations, further research Mitochondrial Fusion and Fission in the Regulation of
Apoptosis. Adv Exp Med Biol 2010;687:131-42.
is necessary. Future studies should explore varying doses and
duration of MitoQ treatment to better elucidate its effects on doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6706-0_8
mitochondrial dynamics and function across different exercise [2] Wu T, Li Z, Wei Y. Advances in Understanding
intensities. By expanding our examination of these interactions Mechanisms Underlying Mitochondrial Structure
and understanding their implications for skeletal muscle and Function Damage by Ozone. Sci Total Environ
physiology, we can advance the understanding of metabolic 2023;861:160589.
control and develop more effective interventions for enhancing doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160589
mitochondrial health in various populations. [3] Memme JM, Erlich AT, Phukan G, Hood DA. Exercise

Acknowledgments and Mitochondrial Health. J Physiol 2021;599:803-17.
doi: 10.1113/JP278853
The authors would like to express their heartfelt gratitude to [4] Meng Q, Su CH. The Impact of Physical Exercise on
the Student Research Committee and the Vice Chancellor for Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress: Balancing the Benefits
Research and Technology at Kerman University of Medical and Risks. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024;13:573.
Sciences for their invaluable support of our study.
doi: 10.3390/antiox13050573
Funding [5] Scarpulla RC, Vega RB, Kelly DP. Transcriptional
integration of mitochondrial biogenesis. Trends
This research was funded by the Vice Chancellor for Research
and Technology of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Endocrinol Metab 2012;23:459-66.
Kerman, Iran (Grant number: 98000779). doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2012.06.006
[6] Slavin MB, Khemraj P, Hood DA. Exercise, mitochondrial
Conflicts of Interest dysfunction and inflammasomes in skeletal muscle.

The authors declare no competing interest. Biomed J 2024;47:100636.
doi: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100636
Author Contributions [7] Sokolova I. Mitochondrial Adaptations to Variable
Conceptualization: Beydolah Shahouzehi, Soheil Aminizadeh Environments and their Role in Animals’ Stress
Formal analysis: Beydolah Shahouzehi, Soheil Aminizadeh, Tolerance. Integr Comp Biol 2018;58:519-31.
Hamid Najafipour, Yaser Masoumi-Ardakani doi: 10.1093/icb/icy017

DOI: http://doi.org/10.36922/jctr.24.00044