Page 81 - JCTR-11-3

Journal of Clinical and
Translational Research Outcomes of placenta previa with APH

Table 2. Maternal and obstetric risk factors for APH in placenta previa cases

Variables APH group (n=33) (%) Non‑APH group (n=23) (%) p‑value OR (95% CI)
In vitro fertilization a 1 (3.0) 0 0.40 -
Obesity * 1 (3.0) 0 0.40 -
a
Gestational diabetes mellitus a 7 (21.2) 1 (4.3) 0.08 5.92 (51.92 – 0.68)
Pre-gestational diabetes mellitus a 2 (6.1) 0 0.23 -
Preeclampsiaa 6 (18.2) 1 (4.3) 0.12 4.89 (43.71 – 0.55)
Hypertension before pregnancy a 5 (15.2) 1 (4.3) 0.20 3.93 (36.12 – 0.43)
Prior dilatation and curettage a 6 (18.2) 2 (8.7) 0.32 2.33 (12.76 – 0.43)
Prior history of PP in previous pregnancies a 2 (6.1) 1 (4.3) 0.78 1.42 (16.64 – 0.12)
Antepartum uterine contractions a 0 1 (4.3) 0.23 -
Antepartum corticosteroid use a 7 (21.2) 6 (26.1) 0.67 0.76 (2.66 – 0.22)
34 – <37 weeks (preterm) 4 (57.1) 0
≥37 weeks (term) 3 (42.9) 6 (100.0)
Antepartum tocolytics use a 0 1 (4.3) 0.23 -
Short cervical length at admission (<2.5 cm) a 10 (30.3) 6 (26.1) 0.73 1.23 (4.05 – 0.38)
Adherent placenta a 2 (6.1) 0 0.23 -
Note: Pearson Chi-square test, *Pre-pregnancy obesity is defined as a pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) of >25 kg/m ; Values are expressed as
2
a
count (percentage).
Abbreviations: APH: Antepartum hemorrhage; CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio; PP: Placenta previa.
Table 3. Maternal outcomes and risk factors in placenta previa with APH
Variables APH group (n=33) (%) Non‑APH group (n=23) (%) p‑value OR (95% CI)
Preterm delivery a 22 (66.7) 3 (13.0) <0.0001 13.33 (54.77 – 3.25)
<34 weeks (extremely/very preterm) 4 (18.2) 0
34 – <37 weeks (late preterm) 18 (81.8) 3 (100.0)
Emergency cesarean section a 19 (57.6) 1 (4.3) <0.0001 29.86 (248.64 – 3.59)
Placenta abruption a 3 (9.1) 0 0.14 -
Postpartum hemorrhage a 1 (3.0) 0 0.40 -
Cesarean hysterectomy a 4 (12.1) 0 0.08 -
Postoperative ICU admission a 1 (3.0) 0 0.40 -
Bladder injury a 2 (6.1) 0 0.23 -
Note: Pearson Chi-square test; Values are expressed as count (percentage).
a
Abbreviations: APH: Antepartum hemorrhage; CI: Confidence interval; ICU: Intensive care unit; OR: Odds ratio.
Table 4. Neonatal outcomes and risk factors in placenta previa with APH

Variables APH group (n=33) (%) Non‑APH (n=23) (%) p‑value OR (95% CI)
Neonatal death a 2 (6.1) 0 0.23 -
Preterm birth a 22 (66.7) 2 (8.7) <0.0001 21.00 (106.22 – 4.15)
Apgar score at 5 min <7 a 2 (6.1) 0 0.23 -
Small for gestational age a 4 (12.1) 1 (4.3) 0.32 3.03 (29.09 – 0.32)
Neonatal ICU admission a 8 (24.2) 1 (4.3) 0.05 7.04 (60.82 – 0.82)
Respiratory distress syndrome a 9 (27.3) 1 (4.3) 0.03 8.25 (70.50 – 0.97)
Intraventricular hemorrhage a 1 (3.0) 0 0.40 -
Sepsis a 2 (6.1) 0 0.23 -
Note: Pearson Chi-square test; Values are expressed as count (percentage).
a
Abbreviations: APH: Antepartum hemorrhage; CI: Confidence interval; ICU: Intensive care unit; OR: Odds ratio.

Volume 11 Issue 3 (2025) 75 doi: 10.36922/jctr.25.00002