Page 90 - JCTR-11-3

Journal of Clinical and
Translational Research Remdesivir outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19

A B

C

Figure 2. Kaplan–Meier estimates of hospital discharge by oxygen delivery method. (A) Low-flow nasal cannula, (B) high-flow nasal cannula, and
(C) mechanical ventilation.
Notes: *Censored refers to cases who did not have the event till the end of the specified or those who lost follow-up; **Censored refers to cases who did not
have the event till the end of the specified time.

at a higher risk for severe disease progression and poor
outcomes due to the difference in inflammatory responses,
hormone levels, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 levels,
and behavioral and lifestyle differences. 22

A high proportion of patients had comorbidities,
including hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular
disease observed in our study, which is consistent with
the previous studies of hospitalized patients receiving
RDV. 12,23-27 This may result in a more severe form of
COVID-19 due to the impact of these comorbidities
on the disease progression or their high prevalence in
Figure 3. Kaplan–Meier curve for length of hospital stay by vaccination society. 23,27 Similar to previous observations, fever was
status
Notes: *Censored refers to cases who did not have the event till the end of the most frequent presenting symptom among our study
the specified or those who lost follow-up; **Censored refers to cases who participants, and previous studies revealed that it is the
did not have the event till the end of the specified time. most common symptom among hospitalized and non-
hospitalized COVID-19 patients, followed by shortness
of breath, dyspnea, and gastrointestinal symptoms such as
cannulas, respectively. In addition, mechanical ventilation nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and emesis. 28
was required for 21 (10%) patients, 41 (19.52%) patients The efficacy of RDV was demonstrated in different
were admitted to the ICU, and the mean length of hospital clinical trials as a combination therapy and among
stays among patients was 14.9 days. There were 26 (12.4%) different populations, including hospitalized patients,
deaths among the study participants. outpatients, really-impaired patients, and pediatrics. Here,

In our study, the patients’ age were similar to that RDV was mainly combined with either dexamethasone
published in other studies. 12,16,17 However, the proportion or tocilizumab. The high proportion of dexamethasone
of females to males was higher than the literature. 18-20 and RDV administration among our cohort reflects the
According to Davies et al., the susceptibility to COVID-19 National Institutes of Health treatment guidelines for
increases with age. While both males and females are hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The predominant use
21
equally susceptible to COVID-19 infection, males are of RDV and dexamethasone combination therapy was

Volume 11 Issue 3 (2025) 84 doi: 10.36922/jctr.24.00027