Page 88 - JCTR-11-3

Journal of Clinical and
Translational Research Remdesivir outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19

110 of them (52.4%) had pneumonia. The average BMI Table 1. Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics
was 27.77 ± 8.84 kg/m . The most common comorbidities of the included patients
2
were hypertension (54.76%), diabetes mellitus (44.76%), Patients’ demographics and baseline n (%) or
and cardiovascular disease (30%). Here, 180 (85.7%) characteristics mean±SD (%)
participants had COVID-19 vaccine. Nine (5%) patients Age (years) 57.43±18.4
were single-dose vaccinated, 73 (40.6%) patients received Gender
two doses of vaccine, 90 (50%) patients received three
doses, and 6 (3.33%) patients received four doses before Male 91 (43.3)
the diagnosis of COVID-19. However, the number of doses Female 118 (56.1)
for 2 patients (1.11%) was not available. The most frequent Body mass index (kg/m ) 27.77±8.84
2
presenting symptoms were fever (80.1%), cough (62.6%), Smoking history
and shortness of breath (41.1%). From the laboratory Yes 3 (1.4)
findings, the mean ± SD lymphocyte count was 3.79 ± No 50 (23.8)
21.87 cells/µL, and the glomerular filtration rate was ≥60 Former 11 (5.2)
in 56.2% of the patients, with no significant difference
among patients with or without pneumonia. The mean ± Unknown 144 (68.5)
SD CRP and ferritin were 3.79 ± 21.87 µg/mL and 106.4 ± Hypertension 115 (54.76)
326.2 ng/mL, respectively (Table 1). Diabetes 94 (44.76)
Regarding concomitant medications, 101 patients Cardiovascular disease 63 (30)
(48.1%) received RDV plus dexamethasone, and Bronchial asthma 15 (7.14)
22 (10.48%) received RDV with tocilizumab (Table 2). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 12 (5.71)
Chronic kidney disease 20 (9.52)
3.2. Clinical outcomes
ESRD on dialysis 4 (1.90)
There were 96 (45.71%) of the included patients needed Active cancer 37 (17.62)
oxygen therapy during hospitalization, 86 (40.95%) Human immunodeficiency virus 13 (6.19)
received low-flow oxygen treatment through nasal Solid organ transplant 53 (25.24)
cannula with a mean ± SD duration of 4.87 ± 5.42 days,
and 22 (10.48%) received high-flow oxygen treatment Bone marrow transplant 7 (3.33)
through nasal cannula for a mean ± SD duration of 2.95 ± Autoimmune disease 23 (10.95)
4.37 days. Furthermore, 21 patients (10%) with pneumonia Liver disease 19 (9.05)
required mechanical ventilation for a mean ± SD duration Cerebrovascular disease 20 (9.52)
of 15.15 ± 16.46 days (Table 3). Chronic neurological or neuromuscular disease 4 (1.90)
As for the complications, 14 patients (6.67%) suffered COVID vaccine 180 (85.7)
from bacterial pneumonia, 14 patients (6.67%) developed Doses given before COVID-19 diagnosis (n=178, not available=2)
acute respiratory distress syndrome, and 9 patients (4.29%) 1 9 (5)
suffered from septic shock. Overall, the mean ± SD length 2 73 (40.6)
of the hospital stay for all patients was 14.9 ± 46.9 days. 3 90 (50)
Forty-one patients (19.52%) were admitted to the ICU for
a mean ± SD stay of 10.5 ± 11.05 days, in which 11 patients 4 6 (3.33)
(5.24%) needed vasopressor support and 1 patient (0.48%) Fever 167 (80.1)
was treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Cough 132 (62.6)
(ECMO). Overall, there were 26 deaths (12.4%) in our Shortness of breath 87 (41.1)
cohort (Table 4). Fatigue 40 (19.1)
The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed to Muscle or body aches 16 (9)
assess the length of hospital stay and discharge rates among Headache 30 (15.2)
the study participants. This analysis revealed variations Sore throat 41 (19.5)
in hospital stay based on gender, type of oxygen therapy Nausea or vomiting 37 (18.1)
received (low nasal, high nasal, or mechanical ventilation), Diarrhea 25 (11.4)
and vaccination status. In this case, female patients
exhibited a non-significantly shorter length of hospital stay Lymphocyte count (cells/µL of blood) 3.79±21.87
compared to male patients (p=0.872) (Figure 1). (Contd...)

Volume 11 Issue 3 (2025) 82 doi: 10.36922/jctr.24.00027