Page 16 - MSAM-1-3

Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing Biodegradable sustainable electronics

Table 2. Conductivities of various biodegradable conducting materials
Electroactive material Conductivity References
Mg 3.4 mS/cm [33]
W: methanol: PEO (4:1:0.25) 5200 S/m [67]
Zn NPs/Na-CMC 1.124 × 10 S/m [89]
6
5
Zn/PVA 9.7 × 10 S/m [25]
Zn/PVA ∼2 × 10 S/m [90]
6
Zn NPs/PVP (0.1 wt%) 22,321.3 S/m [65]
Zn NPs/PEO (3 wt%) 72,400 S/m [66]
ZnNPs/Ag NWs (5 wt%) 307,664.4 S/m [26]
Zn: PVP: glycerol: methanol (7:0.007:2:1) 60,213.6 S/m [28]
PEDOT: PSS 4,600 ± 100 S/cm [56]
10% PEDOT-HA/PLLA 0.47 ± 0.21 S/cm [59]
30% PEDOT-HA/PLLA 2.58 ± 1.02 S/cm [59]
50% PEDOT-HA/PLLA 6.94 ± 1.23 S/cm [59]
Silk/PEDOT: PSS [30]
Pani: gelatin (0:100 – 60:40) 0.005 – 0.021 S/cm [62]
CPSA-PANI: PLCL nanofiber (0:100 – 30:70) 0.0015 – 0.0138 S/cm [63]
−4
GG5 1.21 × 10 S/cm [31]
−4
−4
GP: G (0.9:5 – 1.8:2.5) 2.41 × 10 – 4.54 × 10 S/cm [31]
Aligned PLGA-PHT nanofibers 0.1 × 10 S/cm [64]
−5
Random PLGA-PHT nanofibers 0.2 × 10 S/cm [64]
−6
TPU: P3TMA 2.23 × 10 – 5.19 × 10 S/cm [77]
-5
-6
PU-trimer 2.7 ± 0.9 × 10 S/cm [79]
-10
-8
DCPU-0.1/1 5.5 ± 0.7 × 10 S/cm [79]
DCPU-0.2/1 4.6 ± 0.4 × 10 S/cm [79]
-7
DCPU-0.3/1 1.2 ± 0.3 × 10 S/cm [79]
-5
PU-COOH 5.5 ± 1.2 × 10 S/cm [79]
-12
Melanin films 7.00 ± 1.10 × 10 S/cm [81]
-5
2a-PCL EMAP copolymer 5.01 × 10 S/cm [85]
-6
3a-PCL EMAP copolymer 2.42 × 10 S/cm [85]
-5
DNA/HA/SWCNT (0.5/0.3%) 128 ± 15 S/cm [91]
GelMA/DNA/MWCNT (3/4/6 mg) 24 ± 1.8 S/cm [91]
Graphene nanoflake ink 0.43 × 10 S/m [92]
5
degradation behavior of the electronic device largely disintegrated in PBS (pH 10) at ambient temperature, as
depends on the substrate used. Researchers are exploring shown in Figure 6C. [111]
polymers from natural [91,104-110] and synthetic sources to By adding maleic anhydride, these elastomers can
be used as substrate. Biodegradable polymers that work be rendered photo-cross-linkable, preventing lengthy
as excellent substrate materials include polylactic acid
(PLA), PLGA (Figure 6A), PVA (Figure 6B), polyglycolic thermal condensation curing. This method helps increase
the variety of materials that can be used as stretchy and
acid (PGA), poly (1,8-octanediol-co-citrate) (POC), biodegradable substrates [32,114,115] .
silk fibroin, rice paper, and cellulose nanofibril
paper [10,17,111-113] . POC was used to fabricate stretchable Similarly, silk or its bioresorbable protein fibroin has
Si-based pH and electro-physiological sensors using demonstrated promising applications in electronic devices
transfer printing. After 12 h, these sensors completely such as drug delivery systems [27,116-118] , wireless therapeutic

Volume 1 Issue 3 (2022) 10 https://doi.org/10.18063/msam.v1i3.15