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Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing Biodegradable sustainable electronics

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Figure 6. (A) Photographs taken at various stages of the dissolution of a transient hydration sensor on a PLGA film while being immersed in PBS (1 M, pH
= 7.4) at physiological temperature at 37°C; (B) a collection of optical microscope photographs taken throughout the dissolution of a-IGZO devices in DI
water at room temperature. After 1800 s, the PVA substrate completely dissolves, causing the electronic devices to completely dissociate in the water. (C)
A sequence of photos showing the breakdown of a POC-modified Si-based device in room temperature PBS (pH = 10). Reprinted with permission from
Hwang et al., Hwang et al., and Jin et al. [10,111,113] .

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Figure 7. An example of a transient bioresorbable device for thermal therapy, together with in vivo evaluations. (A) Images of a demonstration platform
for transient electronics implanted (left) and sutured (right) in a BALB/c mouse’s subdermal dorsal area. (B) The implant location after 3 weeks (left);
an implant site histological section that was removed 3 weeks later reveals a partially resorbed area of the silk film (right); pointers A, B, and C indicate
subcutaneous tissue, silk film, and muscle layer, respectively. (C) Relative resistance changes of the gelatin-alginate-based strain sensor under cyclic
stretching with 50% strain in air (150 cycles); (D) strain sensor attached to volunteer’s neck to detect pulse. (E) The magnified graph corresponding to one
cardiac cycle with discernible P-wave, T-wave, and D-wave. Reprinted with permission from Hwang et al. and Hao et al .[13,141] .

Plant-based polymers like cellulose, on the other hand, exposed to fungi that are found in nature, making it a
are flexible, transparent, robust at high temperatures, good choice for consumer electronics. Cellulose has
and degrades slowly (on the order of months) when been used in solar cells [122-124] , organic light-emitting

Volume 1 Issue 3 (2022) 12 https://doi.org/10.18063/msam.v1i3.15