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Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing Fast fiber orientation optimization

application of a 2D method inside a 3D part possible. Ethics approval and consent to participate
Moreover, the proposed model is useful to consider not
only one but several reinforcement directions. Not applicable.
The method relies on the fact that a continuous fiber Consent for publication
is optimally used when oriented parallel to the stress Not applicable.
flow. This is due to the high anisotropy of fibers and their
exceptional tensile properties compared to polymers. Yet, Availability of data
continuous fiber-reinforced filaments are expensive, so
this work also proposes a method to optimize the number The data are not publicly available because the research
of reinforced layers and therefore optimize the cost of the work was carried out in a laboratory whose scientific
manufactured parts. The application of the stack-based developments are protected and cannot be transferred.
layering optimization on printed parts gave satisfying However, the experimental data proving the relevance of
results, with the stiffness of the parts being only 9% lower the proposed numerical method are available from the
than the one found with a time-costly direct optimization corresponding author on reasonable request.
method. References
The next step would be to consider a more flexible
approach based on curved fiber routes rather than 1. Zheng H, Zhang W, Li B, et al., 2022, Recent advances of
interphases in carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites:
unidirectional ones. The development of slicer software to A review. Compos B Eng, 233: 109639.
customize the fiber routes is warranted since this flexibility
has yet to be incorporated into the commercial printers. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.109639
2. Li J, Durandet Y, Huang X, et al., 2022, Additively
Acknowledgments manufactured fiber-reinforced composites: A review of
None. mechanical behavior and opportunities. J Mater Sci Technol,
119: 219–244.
Funding https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2021.11.063

This research did not receive any specific grant from 3. Liao G, Li Z, Cheng Y, et al., 2018, Properties of oriented
funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for- carbon fiber/polyamide 12 composite parts fabricated by
profit sectors. fused deposition modeling. Mater Des, 139: 283–292.
Conflict of interest https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.11.027
4. Yan C, Hao L, Xu L, et al., 2011, Preparation, characterisation
The authors declare that they have no known competing and processing of carbon fibre/polyamide-12 composites for
financial interests or personal relationships that could have selective laser sintering. Compos Sci Technol, 71: 1834–1841.
appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.08.013
Author contributions 5. Goodridge RD, Shofner ML, Hague RJM, et al., 2011,
Processing of a polyamide-12/carbon nanofiber composite
Conceptualization: Valentin Marchal, Yicha Zhang, Nadia by laser sintering. Poly Test, 30: 94–100.
Labed, and François Peyraut
Data curation: Valentin Marchal http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2010.10.011
Formal analysis: Valentin Marchal, Nadia Labed, and 6. Jansson A, Pejryd L, 2016, Characterisation of carbon
François Peyraut fibre-reinforced polyamide manufactured by selective laser
Funding acquisition: Yicha Zhang sintering. Addit Manuf, 9: 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.
Investigation: Valentin Marchal and Rémy Lachat addma.2015.12.003
Methodology: All authors 7. Hofstätter T, Pedersen DB, Tosello G, et al., 2017,
Software: Valentin Marchal Applications of fiber-reinforced polymers in additive
Supervision: Yicha Zhang, Nadia Labed, and François manufacturing. Procedia CIRP, 66: 312–316.
Peyraut https://doi-org.ezproxy.utbm.fr/10.1016/j.procir.2017.03.171
Validation: Rémy Lachat
Visualization: Valentin Marchal 8. Tekinalp HL, Kunc V, Velez-Garcia GM, et al., 2014, Highly
Writing – original draft: Valentin Marchal, Yicha Zhang, oriented carbon fiber-polymer composites via additive
and François Peyraut manufacturing. Compos Sci Technol, 105: 144–150.
Writing – review and editing: All authors http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.10.009

Volume 2 Issue 1 (2023) 8 https://doi.org/10.36922/msam.49