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Table 1. Comparison of traditional engineered systems and the and Organ Chips: Advances in Tumor Dormancy
secreted ECM-enabled system Research” provides insights into how organotypic systems
Feature Traditional engineered Secreted ECM– can reveal the dynamics of cancer cell dormancy. The
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systems permissive organoid review “Construction Strategy of Rotator Cuff Organoids”
systems presents a novel framework for engineering rotator cuff—
Matrix source Synthetic (e.g., alginate) Endogenously secreted specific organoids, emphasizing scaffold selection, cellular
or purified protein by cells composition, and biomechanical conditioning to better
(e.g., collagen) model musculoskeletal physiology and pathology. Finally,
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Cell-matrix Unidirectional Bidirectional (cells the perspective “Advancing Musculoskeletal Organoids
interaction (cells respond to preset modify and respond to
cues) their ECM) Research: Overcoming Barriers to Reduce Animal Model
Heterogeneity Uniform environment Spatially heterogeneous, Dependency” addresses challenges and future directions
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multi-cell-type for reducing reliance on animal experimentation. Across
environments these diverse topics, several contributions underscore
Maturation Limited Enhanced morphogenesis the indispensable role of the ECM, both as a scaffold
potential and functional for organoid development and as a dynamic regulator
maturation of cell fate and tissue function. Together, these articles
Disease Limited to preset cues Captures emergent exemplify the diversity of organoid applications, spanning
modeling patient-specific ECM bibliometric mapping, neurological and musculoskeletal
remodeling research, oncology, virology, and precision medicine.
Abbreviation: ECM: Extracellular matrix.
In conclusion, the ECM is far more than a passive
scaffold—it is an active and dynamic regulator of
approaches, such as organoid culture in alginate without
any additional chemical or biological cues, have succeeded cell behavior, tissue mechanics, and morphogenesis.
too, likely due to the secreted ECM. Furthermore, disease Traditional biomaterials for organoid culture have enabled
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modeling is enhanced in organoid systems permissive to important insights but remain limited in their ability to
ECM secretion. Morais et al. discovered altered ECM capture the reciprocal feedback between cells and their
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organization in a patient-derived induced pluripotent stem secreted ECM. Organoid-based systems that allow cells
cells kidney organoid that could potentially contribute to deposit, remodel, and respond to their own ECM offer
to patient-specific therapeutic development. Ultimately, a transformative step forward, providing physiologically
the secreted ECM drives morphogenesis by integrating relevant platforms that support functional maturation,
structural support, mechanical cues, and biochemical enable patient-specific disease modeling, and uncover
signals to direct cell behavior and tissue organization. fundamental mechanisms of tissue organization. Future
A mammary gland organoid system permissive to collagen work should develop strategies to stabilize or selectively
secretion demonstrated fundamental insights into ductal enrich certain ECM proteins, to control their incorporation
branch elongation and epithelial self-organization. 12 and assembly within the extracellular milieu, and to capture
gradients of matrix-bound growth factors that emerge
Volume 1, Issue 3 of Organoid Research features seven during tissue development. The continued integration
contributions that collectively showcase the breadth and of biomaterial design with the organoid field holds
translational potential of organoid research. The article immense promise for advancing both basic discovery and
“Global Research Trends in Bone/Cartilage Organoid from translational applications.
2010 to 2024: A Bibliometric and Visualized Study” provides
a systematic analysis of the developmental trajectory Conflict of interest
and global hotspots in the field. “Bridging Molecular Nicholas G. Fischer is an Editorial Board Member of this
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Mechanisms and Therapeutic Innovations: The Role of Brain journal and declared that he has no known competing
Organoids in Neurodevelopmental Disorder Research” financial interests or personal relationships that could have
explores how brain organoid models connect fundamental influenced the work reported in this paper.
biology with therapeutic discovery in neurodevelopmental
disorders. In “Organoids as a Platform for Personalized References
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Antisense Oligonucleotide Screening: Advancing Precision
Medicine,” the potential of organoids in facilitating patient- 1. Lu P, Weaver VM, Werb Z. The extracellular matrix:
A dynamic niche in cancer progression. J Cell Biol.
specific antisense oligonucleotide drug development is 2012;196(4):395-406.
highlighted. The review “Tendon Organoids Advances in
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Bioengineering Strategies and Translational Applications” doi: 10.1083/jcb.201102147
discusses innovative approaches for tendon repair and 2. Mayorca-Guiliani AE, Leeming DJ, Henriksen K, et al.
regeneration. Similarly, “Bone Marrow Microenvironment Extracellular matrix dynamics in metabolic health and
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Volume 1 Issue 3 (2025) 2 doi: 10.36922/OR025360028