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analysis and spatiotemporal regulation on the materials- Transduct Target Ther. 2023;8:98.
related mechanical microenvironment” and “The design doi: 10.1038/s41392-023-01333-7
of antibacterial and osteoimmunodulatory materials
for repairing infectious bone defects with mucin hybrid 6. Chen Y, Zhao W, Hu A, et al. Type 2 diabetic mellitus
materials” with grant number 32130059 and 32271421, related osteoporosis: Focusing on ferroptosis. J Transl Med.
respectively, and Priority Academic Program Development 2024;22:409.
of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions. doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-05191-x
7. Courties A, Kouki I, Soliman N, Mathieu S, Sellam J.
Conflict of interest Osteoarthritis year in review 2024: Epidemiology and
Bin Li is an Editorial Board Member of this journal, but was therapy. Osteoarthr Cartilage. 2024;32:1397-1404.
not in any way involved in the editorial and peer-review doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.07.014
process conducted for this paper, directly or indirectly. 8. Ma W, Chen H, Yuan Q, Chen X, Li H. Global, regional,
Separately, other authors declared that they have no known and national epidemiology of osteoarthritis in working-age
competing financial interests or personal relationships that individuals: Insights from the global burden of disease study
could have influenced the work reported in this paper. 1990-2021. Sci Rep. 2025;15:7907.

Author contributions doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91783-6
Conceptualization: Bin Li, Song Chen 9. Qu X, Jiang J, Deng Q, et al. Associations between smoking
Writing–original draft: Dachuan Liu, Shijie Gao, Jingxi Xu and osteoporosis and all-cause mortality in participants
Writing–review & editing: All authors from the United States: A cohort study. Front Endocrinol
(Lausanne). 2025;16:1533633.
Ethics approval and consent to participate doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1533633
Not applicable. 10. Shevroja E, Reginster J, Lamy O, et al. Update on the clinical
use of trabecular bone score (TBS) in the management of
Consent for publication osteoporosis: Results of an expert group meeting organized
Not applicable. by the european society for clinical and economic aspects
of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and musculoskeletal diseases
Availability of data (ESCEO), and the international osteoporosis foundation
(IOF) under the auspices of WHO collaborating center
Data will be made available on request. for epidemiology of musculoskeletal health and aging.
Osteoporos Int. 2023;34:1501-1529.
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