Page 144 - TD-3-4

Tumor Discovery

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
A 12-year analysis of presentation,

histopathological features, high-risk factors,
and survival in retinoblastoma patients

undergoing primary enucleation at a tertiary
eye care center in Bangladesh

1
Soma Rani Roy * , Rahat Anjum 2 , and Sujit Kumar Biswas 3
1 Department of Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology, Chittagong Eye Infirmary, Chattogram,
Bangladesh
2 Department of Histopathology and Cytopathology, Apollo Imperial Hospitals, Chattogram, Bangladesh
3 Department of Cornea, Chittagong Eye Infirmary, Chattogram, Bangladesh

Abstract

Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children,
with approximately 100% survival rates in higher-income countries. The outcomes
of retinoblastoma depend on factors such as disease presentation, treatment access,
histopathological high-risk factors, and national income level. This retrospective
*Corresponding author:
Soma Rani Roy study analyzed 12-year data (2012 – 2023), including presentation, histopathological
(soma@ctgeyeinfirmary.info) features, histopathological high-risk factors, and survival outcomes, of 78
retinoblastoma patients who had undergone primary enucleation at a tertiary eye
Citation: Roy SR, Anjum R,
Biswas SK. A 12-year analysis center in Bangladesh. The overall median age was 33 months, with a slightly older
of presentation, histopathological median age among females (35 months) and a mild male predominance. The mean
features, high-risk factors, and symptom duration was 5.68 ± 3.56 months, with earlier presentation in male patients.
survival in retinoblastoma patients
undergoing primary enucleation The most common presenting sign was leukocoria (70.5%), followed by red eye (20.5%).
at a tertiary eye care center in Combined endophytic and exophytic tumor growth (36%) and poor differentiation
Bangladesh. Tumor Discov. (44.9%) were prevalent. High-risk factors were present in 84.6% of patients, with
2024;3(4):4336.
doi: 10.36922/td.4336 massive choroidal invasion (41%) and retrolaminar optic nerve invasion (38.5%) being
the most frequent. Approximately 57.7% of patients solely underwent enucleation,
Received: July 26, 2024
and 27% of children died, yielding an overall survival rate of 69.23%. The findings of
Accepted: October 12, 2024 this study suggest that multiple high-risk factors are often present in advanced tumors,
Published Online: November 21, posing challenges in management and increasing the risk for metastasis. Efforts to
2024 improve outcomes should focus on raising awareness, promoting early presentation,
Copyright: © 2024 Author(s). enhancing histopathological reporting, and developing specialized human resources.
This is an Open-Access article
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution Keywords: Primary enucleation; Delayed presentation; Advanced tumor;
License, permitting distribution, Histopathological high-risk factor; Massive choroidal invasion; Retrolaminar invasion
and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is
properly cited.
Publisher’s Note: AccScience
Publishing remains neutral with 1. Introduction
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children,
1
affiliations. accounting for approximately 11% of cancers diagnosed in the first year of life globally.

Volume 3 Issue 4 (2024) 1 doi: 10.36922/td.4336