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Tumor Discovery Glioblastoma treating fields system

A D

B

E

C

Figure 3. Rat experiments of TTF therapy. (A) The setup for the TTF treatment on the rat’s head with 4 electrode patches placed on both sides of the head.
(B and C) The bioluminescence images of rats from the TTF-treated group and the control group, respectively, over several days. (D) The comparative
graph of bioluminescence intensity between the treatment and control groups. (E) MRI scans from day 18 showing reduced tumor size in TTF-treated rats
compared to rats in the control group.
Abbreviations: MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; TTF: Tumor treating fields.

cross-sectional areas compared to controls. These results local redness and slight erosion occurred. These skin
demonstrate the effectiveness of the TTF system in slowing lesions were manageable and did not progress to severe
tumor progression in the glioblastoma rat model. injury, demonstrating the favorable overall safety profile of
During TTF therapy, additional physiological the TTF system despite some localized effects.
parameters were monitored to assess treatment safety 4. Discussion
and tolerability in the glioblastoma rat model. Figure 4A
shows the detailed process of electrode placement on the The present study successfully developed and validated
rats, ensuring proper alignment for optimal electric field a novel TTF system for GBM therapy, demonstrating
delivery. Body weight changes were tracked throughout significant efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo models.
the experiment, as shown in Figure 4B, indicating that Our findings contribute to the growing body of research
TTF-treated rats maintained a relatively stable body weight supporting the therapeutic potential of TTF while also
compared to the control group, suggesting minimal adverse introducing innovative elements in device design, electric
effects on overall health. To assess potential thermal damage field optimization, and biological impact assessment. In
from the electrode patches, temperature measurements this section, we discuss the implications of our findings,
were recorded at the electrode-skin interface during TTF the limitations of the study, and potential future directions
treatment (Figure 4C). The data showed no significant for improving TTF therapy in clinical applications.
increase in skin temperature over time, confirming that
the treatment did not induce thermal injury. However, 4.1. Mechanism of action and optimization
some mild skin damage was observed at the electrode Our TTF system operates at a frequency of 200 kHz and
attachment sites on days 8, 10, and 12 (Figure 4D), where an intensity of 2 V/cm, which are consistent with clinically

Volume 4 Issue 2 (2025) 60 doi: 10.36922/td.7171