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Tumor Discovery

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Development and validation of a comprehensive

tumor treating fields system for glioblastoma
therapy: From prototype design to preclinical

evaluation

1,2
1
Xindong Wang * , Han Lv 3 , Zhiyong Wang * , and Xian Wang *
1
1 Flexible Bioelectronics Division, Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, Jiaxing,
Zhejiang, China
2 Medical-Industrial Integration Research Centre, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen
University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
3 Second Department of Sythesis Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive and lethal brain tumor with limited
*Corresponding authors: treatment options and poor prognosis. Standard therapies such as surgery, radiation,
Xindong Wang
(wangxd96@mail.sysu.edu.cn) and chemotherapy provide modest survival benefits but are often ineffective against
Zhiyong Wang tumor recurrence. Tumor treating fields (TTF) therapy has emerged as a promising
(davidzy_wang@sina.com)
Xian Wang non-invasive treatment modality that uses alternating electric fields to disrupt
(xian.w@foxmail.com) cancer cell division and inhibit tumor growth. However, the optimization and
practical implementation of TTF systems remain challenging due to limitations in
Citation: Wang X, Lv H, Wang Z,
Wang X. Development and field penetration, electrode design, and treatment efficacy. In this study, we designed
validation of a comprehensive and developed a novel TTF prototype system to enhance electric field transmission
tumor treating fields system
for glioblastoma therapy: From and optimize therapeutic efficiency. The system incorporates high-dielectric ceramic
prototype design to preclinical electrodes made of barium titanate zirconate, allowing for superior field penetration.
evaluation. Tumor Discov. We evaluated the system through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro,
2025;4(2):55-65.
doi: 10.36922/td.7171 GBM cells exposed to the TTF system exhibited significant reductions in proliferation,
with higher field intensities yielding greater inhibition. In vivo, using a rat GBM
Received: December 10, 2024 model, we observed marked tumor suppression, as validated by bioluminescence
1st revised: February 9, 2025 imaging and magnetic resonance imaging. Survival analysis further demonstrated
2nd revised: February 14, 2025 prolonged lifespan in TTF-treated rats compared to controls. Our findings highlight
the potential of this novel TTF system to improve GBM treatment outcomes. This
Accepted: February 18, 2025
study provides a comprehensive framework for future advancements in TTF therapy,
Published online: March 3, 2025 paving the way for clinical translation and further integration with conventional and
Copyright: © 2025 Author(s). emerging cancer therapies.
This is an Open-Access article
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution Keywords: Glioblastoma multiforme; Tumor therapy; Tumor treating fields; Electric field
License, permitting distribution, therapy; System design
and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is
properly cited.
Publisher’s Note: AccScience
Publishing remains neutral with 1. Introduction
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain
1-3
affiliations. tumor in adults, representing approximately 15% of all brain tumors. Despite

Volume 4 Issue 2 (2025) 55 doi: 10.36922/td.7171