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composite dressing TSNH dressing regulated the microenvironment of diabetic wound,

thereby promoting collagen deposition, promoting angiogenesis and reducing

inflammation, which promoted the rapid healing of chronic wounds.

Figure 6. Fabrication illustration of 3D-PT-P/GM scaffolds. Adapted from ref. [65] .
The hyperglycemic microenvironment of diabetic wound induces inhibitory

angiogenesis and excessive ROS, leading to oxidative stress damage of biomolecules,

such as lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins, and cells within the wound, such as

endothelial cells, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts, and impeding wound healing. 71,72

Therefore, there was an urgent need to develop a novel strategy that provides

continuous O2 supply while controlling excessive ROS accumulation. At present, the

main strategy is to load antioxidants, enzymes, etc. into hydrogels, thereby achieving

the effect of eliminating ROS and alleviating oxidative stress. The combination of 3D

printing technology and hydrogels provides customizable services for diabetic wound

73
patients. Huidan Wei et al. grafted gallic acid (GA) and methacrylic acid (MA) onto
Gel, respectively, endowing the hydrogel with ROS scavenging and ultraviolet

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