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Diabetic wound healing is a complex and dynamic process, the chronic

inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular dysfunction caused by hyperglycemia

significantly delay the healing process and often fail to complete normal repair. 9-12
Research hotspots for different stages were constantly emerging, including the

development of new hemostatic materials, the regulation of macrophage

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polarization, 13,14 the clearance of ROS, angiogenesis and nerve regeneration, collagen
deposition, and scar regulation. Nevertheless, the current traditional treatment methods,

such as dressing coverage, debridement, and antibiotic therapy, had obvious limitations.

For instance, it was difficult to precisely regulate the wound microenvironment, cope

with complex pathophysiological changes, adapt to the diversification of wound

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morphology, and treat deep ulcers or complex infections. Besides, antibiotic therapy
was also facing the risk of drug resistance, and there exists a notable shortage of

individualized treatment strategies. An ideal modern wound dressing should possess

excellent moisturizing ability, air permeability, and exudation management capabilities

to establish a suitable humid environment while effectively preventing the accumulation
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of effusion and subsequent infections. At the same time, it was imperative for the
dressing to exhibit excellent antibacterial capabilities, mechanical strength, and

biocompatibility, enabling it to effectively repel external bacterial intrusion, safeguard

the wound against external trauma, and minimize the likelihood of rejection. 17,18

Furthermore, the design of the wound dressing should prioritize ease of clinical

handling, ensuring that medical staff can effortlessly perform essential operations.

Recently, the field of dressings for repairing diabetic chronic wounds has

witnessed remarkable progress, and this progress has achieved a leap from traditional

dressings to a variety of new material systems. Among them, hydrogel dressings could

mimic a natural moist environment due to the high water content, thereby fostering cell

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migration and proliferation. And the 3D network structure allowed the free exchange
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of oxygen and nutrients, while blocking the invasion of pathogens. Besides, certain
hydrogels could also be engineered to incorporate bioactive ingredients, such as

antibacterial agents and growth factors, enabling precise regulation of biological

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