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Arts & Communication AI in teacher education and critical thinking

This situation forces us to reflect on and analyze in familiarity with which they are shown, generating a lack of
iconic terms the path that is established between the knowledge. Something that can lead us, if it has not already
education-art-AI triad. Escaño points out that “The done so, to a society of (dis)knowledge. This society leads
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Internet universe has had, has and, of course, will have an beyond disinformation to a lack of knowledge of what is
impact on our way of establishing socio-communicative real and what is not, due to the lack of verification tools for
and educational relationships. It has established and will these images, which are increasingly abundant and present
establish different modes of communicative interpellation, in the media and social spotlight.
interfering in our educational contexts and facilitating new In fact, at every moment, images created through AI
ways of understanding didactics and pedagogy, art and 2
science, culture, and society.” 1, p. 135 acquire greater power and propagation, as Virilio pointed
out they appear and respond with different purposes,
AI can be understood as an inevitable evolution finding among the most abundant, the creative, defamatory,
within technological development since it emerges as the and pornographic ones. An appearance that is situated in
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culmination of a continuous process in which human both positive and negative terms with an abundance of both.
beings have created tools to expand their capabilities, solve Therefore, arts education must interfere with the continuous
problems, and explore new frontiers of knowledge. With the flow of images, to open a necessary space for reflection that
th
arrival of the 20 century, computers marked a leap in this develops critical and committed thinking in the framework
evolution, although, in turn, the problems we faced became of a social dimension. An essential approach that studies all
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more complex. AI appeared because machines needed to the current possibilities of these new images presented in the
handle large volumes of information, identify patterns, contemporary context. Images that have brought about great
make more autonomous decisions, and be able to deal with enthusiasm for their communicative efficiency, immediacy,
dynamic and changing situations, such as understanding and technical excellence on the one hand, as shown in
human language, diagnosing diseases, or even driving recent work on Goya and the learning of drawing, and a
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vehicles autonomously. The creation of AI also responds to a great rejection for the dangers that the above may cause,
growing need in modern societies to handle the complexity of on the other hand. The intentionality put into creating an
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an increasingly interconnected world. The explosion of data image and the purpose for which it is used will determine
that accompany the digital era, together with the increase in whether its use is positive or negative. There is no doubt that
the processing capacity of computers, has made it essential an image used for pornographic purposes is negative, as it
to develop systems capable of analyzing and making sense defames and discredits the person; however, we find that
of this information quickly and efficiently. In this context, other images that, while being considered positive, must
AI not only inherits the capabilities of previous technologies be considered equally negative because of their use. Faced
but also surpasses them, offering new possibilities for solving with this panorama of uncertainty, where reality develops
problems that previously seemed unattainable.
in purely phenomenological terms, we find that critical
Beyond being a simple tool, AI is becoming a tool that thinking understood as a transversal competence is more
creates tools. Its impact is not limited to a single domain than necessary in our times. This deepens how the arts and
but ranges from biotechnology and space exploration education intersect with criticism and are directly integrated
to design of advanced materials and optimization of into students’ lives, building part of their culture. 7
industrial processes. This meta-level of creation marks a
turning point, as AI not only empowers what we can do but The importance of both teaching and research in
also expands what we can imagine. teacher training is shown in the familiarity of an image
with a conventional appearance; that is, the resemblance
In this new digital context, the images that come our to the literalness of technical images as traditionally
way can lead us to misinterpret them because of our happens with photographs. In this sense, the relationship
familiarity with how they emerge. We have not known for a established between the fake image and its viewer is the
long time whether the images that assault us come from the same as with the encounter of any other type of image
empirical world and are products that capture a moment of technical appearance. The familiarity with the model,
or, on the contrary, have to do with the world of the fake its realistic esthetics, its closeness, and its appearance of
and are camouflaged by familiarity with conventional a truthful image mean that the model presented is not
technical images. mistrusted. This indistinctness of the images, which
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Still, where there is erratic and misinformative are integrated, camouflaged, and indifferent to the rest,
intentionality in some cases, they can make us believe that produces confusion in those who look at them. All these
they correspond to the reality they show. At the same time, images are presented as subjects and as objects in the
we may not be aware of their falsity because of the halo of duality of the same effect caused by the image.

Volume 3 Issue 3 (2025) 2 doi: 10.36922/ac.5047