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Arts & Communication AI in teacher education and critical thinking

A B

Figure 5. Women are stereotypically created by AI. (A) Samantha Everly, the first AI-created model on the cover of “Playboy” magazine, was designed by the
company XChatter. The model has her own Telegram account, where users can chat with her. Source: https://vanguardia.com.mx/noticias/quien-es-samantha-
everly-la-primera-conejita-de-playboy-hecha-con-inteligencia-artificial-OD11120790. Accessed 4 May 2024. (B) Aitana Lopez, an influencer created by AI
Source (Aitana), is the first Spanish model created with AI and earns 10,000 euros per month. Source: computerhoy.com. Accessed May 4, 2024.

relationships, by creating a virtual partner to interact with world where media is ubiquitous. Faced with the growing
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through the screen. This is the result of the artistic project threat of misinformation, people need tools that enable
of the Barcelona artist who will marry in the summer of 2024 them to assess the credibility of sources and understand
with a holographic sculpture. The case of Framis and the the messages they consume. This not only contributes to
holographic sculpture corresponds to the project entitled more effective civic participation but also helps to curb the
The Hybrid Couple where art, technology, and emotions spread of false information, strengthening social cohesion.
come together, supplanting emotions and carrying them The current global context, marked by the rise of AI
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out through AI, not so much related to the artistic, but the and manipulated content, reinforces the urgency of these
physical supplanting of people and real experiences.
skills. The ability to distinguish between the authentic and
Finally, the creation and use of images through AI also the manipulated is more important than ever, especially
involves an ethical dimension that encourages critical in a digital environment that facilitates creation and
thinking. It is necessary to reflect on the ethical implications dissemination.
of using these images, considering how their creation and However, promoting critical thinking and media literacy
dissemination affect public trust in visual media. This leads faces significant challenges. Traditional education systems
to thinking about the responsibility of both the creators often prioritize memorization over critical reflection,
and users of these images, especially when they can be used
to misinform or manipulate. which hinders the adoption of these skills. In addition,
unequal access to technology and education can exclude
The European Commission, quoted by Colomina Saló vulnerable communities, while cultural or ideological
and Pérez-Soler, defines disinformation as “verifiably false factors can lead to resistance to these initiatives.
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or misleading information that is created, presented, and
disseminated for economic gain or to intentionally mislead To address these challenges, it is essential to integrate
the public, and which may cause public harm.” Wardle and these skills into school curricula from an early age and to
complement this training with workshops and programs
Derakhshan stressed that“disinformation makers have
learned that, to reduce the chances of AI systems detecting accessible to adults. It is also crucial to foster collaboration
their content, it has to be real, although with a new and between governments, non-governmental organizations,
misleading context”. 32, p.9 We found the involvement of AI and technology companies to combat misinformation
in the development of contemporary wars, with a clear and ensure that these skills reach all sectors of society.
example of the deepfake of President Zelensky of Ukraine. Acquiring critical thinking development through the
On the other hand, in 2023, a deepfake by Vladimir Putin analysis of images created using AI is a process that
circulated in the Russian media, in which he announced combines reflective observation, ethical questioning, and
that Ukraine had invaded Russia, declared “martial law” in understanding of the technological context. Today, critical
neighboring provinces, as well as the “general mobilization” thinking allows us to delve deeper into how we interpret
of the Russian Federation. 6 visual information and helps us reflect on the impact of
technology on our perception of the world.
2.2. Classroom application for the development of The first step in developing critical thinking is to
critical thinking understand the context of these images. AI-generated

Media literacy is essential to analyze, interpret, and create creations do not have human intentions; they are the
content in a variety of formats, which is crucial in a product of data, algorithms, and processed patterns.

Volume 3 Issue 3 (2025) 7 doi: 10.36922/ac.5047