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Arts & Communication AI in teacher education and critical thinking

A B C

Figure 1. Fictional characters represented by artificial intelligence (AI). (A) The little prince is represented by AI. Source: https://www.elimparcial.com/
tecnologia/El-Principito. Accessed January 06, 2024. (B) Mickey Mouse deepfake.
Source: SensaCine.com (AI shows what Mickey and his friends would look like if they were human). Accessed December 25, 2023. (C) AI-created image
of Ned Flanders, The Simpsons. 2024. Source: URL: https://www.looper.com/1572598/simpsons-1950s-trailer-ai/(A video shared on Facebook). Accessed
June 12, 2024.
From the perspective of the creative process itself, using
AI to generate images stimulates critical thinking. Those
who interact with these tools need to reflect on how the AI
interprets their instructions, whether it adequately reflects
their intentions, and how it solves visual or conceptual
problems that arise during creation. This reflection on the
creative process helps to hone critical skills, while at the
same time boosting creativity, as it forces a comparison of
AI decisions with solutions that users would have devised
on their own.
Looking for a modern and current freshness, AI appears
to allow building new creative proposals that combine
different elements of cultural material to make a fantastic
and new image, with tints of reality, something like the
Figure 2. AI revives the Roman emperors paintings of Arcimboldo in the Renaissance, but this time,
Source: https://www.elconfidencial.com/cultura/2020-09-30/neron- with technological mediation at the center of the creative
caligula-trajano-emperadores-romanos-ia_2769032/.
process. For this, tools such as Google Colab or NightCafe
Creator can be used (Figure 4).
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In terms of painting, the Museum of Modern Art in
New York exhibited an unsupervised art collection created
with AI by Refik Anadol. This collection, presented on a 6
× 7 m digital screen, showed a succession of AI-generated
images, as reference works by artists ranging from Van
Gogh to Pac-Man. There are increasing examples of how
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AI creates works that society understands as art. 24
2.1.2. Deepfakes
The National Institute of Cybersecurity defines deepfake
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Figure 3. Atlantis, hidden treasure as videos manipulated to deceive viewers into believing
Source: Unraveling the riddles of history with IA| MIOTI. Accessed May
5, 2024. that the deepfake victim is carrying out statements or
actions that have never occurred. AI applications are used
stain.” 5, p. 339 They are in their fair terms, impressions to create such videos, which are capable of swapping faces
of reality as has happened in previous years with the in photographs and modifying the voice. Deepfakes are
supplanting of the aesthetics of the photographic image, techniques based on AI, especially deep neural networks
by procedural mechanisms assisted by computer software. 6 (deep learning), which are used to modify or create

Volume 3 Issue 3 (2025) 5 doi: 10.36922/ac.5047