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Artificial Intelligence in Health CNN model for leukemia diagnosis

Tversky loss function. This approach enables the model acute leukemia and chronic leukemia. Acute leukemia is
to differentiate between normal and abnormal cells as further split into acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute
well as subclassify various leukemia types with high lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). AML has several subtypes,
precision. Second, our proposed methodology specifically including M0 (undifferentiated AML), M1 (AML without
addresses the challenge of imbalanced datasets, a common maturation), M2 (AML with maturation), M3 (acute
issue in medical imaging, by employing the Tversky loss promyelocytic leukemia), M4 (acute myelomonocytic
function to improve classification performance. Finally, leukemia), M5 (acute monocytic leukemia), M6
we rigorously evaluate the model using publicly available (erythroleukemia), and M7 (acute megakaryoblastic
leukemia datasets, demonstrating its superior performance leukemia). Similarly, ALL is divided into B-cell ALL and
in terms of accuracy, precision, and recall when compared T-cell ALL.
to traditional methods and other DL models. On the other hand, chronic leukemia is broken down
In this study, we utilized publicly available leukemia into chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic
datasets to train and evaluate our DL models. We assessed myeloid leukemia (CML). CLL is associated with small
the performance of these models in terms of accuracy, lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), while CML is presented
sensitivity, specificity, and computational efficiency. The with phases of disease progression such as the chronic
results of this study demonstrated the potential of multilevel phase, accelerated phase, and blast crisis phase. This
image classification using DL to significantly improve the diagram visually organizes leukemia subtypes, showing
diagnostic process for leukemia, paving the way for more how they fit into the broader categories of acute and
accurate and timely interventions in clinical practice. chronic leukemias.
Figure 1 shows a classification diagram of different types By addressing the challenges associated with traditional
of leukemia, which is divided into two major categories: diagnostic methods and leveraging the power of DL, this

Figure 1. Categorization of different types of leukemia: (A) acute leukemia and its subtypes, including acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic
leukemia, with detailed divisions; (B) chronic leukemia and its subtypes, including chronic myeloid leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, along
with disease progression phases.

Volume 2 Issue 3 (2025) 64 doi: 10.36922/aih.4710