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Mohamed and Katambara

sediment deposition and hydraulic jumps. Enhancing Availability of data
culvert capacity from 1.2 m to 1.5 m and incorporating
bell-shaped or flared inlets will improve flow continuity Data are available from the corresponding author upon
and reduce upstream turbulence and blockage risks. reasonable request.
In high-velocity zones (>7 m/s), reinforced concrete
or riprap linings are necessary to resist shear-induced References
erosion. In contrast, vegetative linings or geotextiles
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upstream, combined with regular inspection schedules, of Highways and Streets. American Association of State
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of urbanization of river catchments in Da ES Salaam
City and its periphery on storm water runoff. J Inst Eng
The authors acknowledge the support from the Mbeya Tanzan. 2003;7(5):31-43.
University of Science and Technology, Tanzanina Roads 9. De León Pérez D, Acosta Vega R, Salazar Galán S,
Agency (TANTOADS), and the Nzovwe leaders. Aranda JA, García FF. Toward systematic literature
reviews in hydrological sciences. Water. 2024;16(3):436.
Funding doi: 10.3390/w16030436
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None. traffic systems. Automatica. 1983;19(2):191-197.
doi: 10.1016/0005-1098(83)90091-2
Conflict of interest 11. Pochwat K. Assessment of forced retention efficiency
in stormwater drainage systems. J Environ Manage.
The authors declare no competing interests. 2024;370:122886.
doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122886
Author contributions 12. Acheampong JN, Gyamfi C, Arthur E. Impacts of
retention basins on downstream flood peak attenuation
in the Odaw river basin, Ghana. J Hydrol Reg Stud.
Conceptualization: Abdul Mohamed 2023;47:101364.
Formal analysis: Abdul Mohamed doi: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101364
Methodology: Zacharia Katambara 13. Rong Y. Advancements in River-Floodplain
Writing – original draft: Zacharia Katambara Hydrodynamic Modelling for Urban Flood Hazard
Writing – review & editing: Zacharia Katambara Assessment Under Climate Change. England: University

Volume 22 Issue 4 (2025) 246 doi: 10.36922/AJWEP025190146