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Spatiotemporal variability and climate forcing mechanisms

comprehensive life-cycle assessments indicate that 5. Conclusion
the climate mitigation potential and socioeconomic
benefits derived from the development of WER or SER Across the synergistic application of meteorological
far outweigh their localized environmental costs under station networks, reanalysis datasets, and machine learning
present technological frameworks. In the context of models, the following key findings were obtained:
8,13
urgent decarbonization efforts, scaling up renewable (i) The results of the trend and wavelet analysis
energy infrastructure remains the most feasible strategy indicate that WER and SER demonstrated regime
for achieving net environmental benefits at the ecosystem shifts characterized by distinct phases – initial
scale. growth, transitional decline, and accelerated
Therefore, in the future stages of development, depletion – superimposed with significant 29 –
utilization, and operational management of WER 30-year oscillation signals.
and SER in NWC, regional government needs to (ii) Spatial evolution patterns revealed clear differences
improve their capacity for climate monitoring and between WER and SER. WER showed an increasing
forecasting. 39,40 This includes analyzing climate and trend from south to north, while SER displayed
weather changes across multiple timescales, enhancing a decreasing trend from the central region to the
regional resource development and utilization plans, surrounding areas.
and advancing the intelligence and adaptability of (iii) The RF model results demonstrated that the main
the regional power grid. To address the instability of controlling factors for WER shift from air–sea
wind and solar power generation caused by climatic circulation dominance to inter-regional climate
and geographical variability, this instability can be variations, while those for SER exhibited the
mitigated by expanding the spatial scale or temporal opposite trend. This was mainly attributed to a
scale of operations through regional coordination. 41-43 significant reduction in cloud cover and a notable
Based on the spatial and temporal characteristics of slowdown in the rate of increase of daily maximum
WER and SER in the region, the proportion of wind temperatures.
and photovoltaic power generation should be adjusted (iv) This study establishes that synoptic-scale circulation
accordingly. A coupled WER–SER collaborative power reorganizations outweigh local anthropogenic
generation model, supported by hydropower, 8,13 should impacts in determining the viability of renewable
be developed to reduce the curtailment of wind and energy. Moreover, the development and utilization
photovoltaic power in the region and to improve the of WER and SER will increasingly depend on
overall utilization efficiency of the new energy power high-resolution spatiotemporal datasets in future
system. Accurate forecasting of future regional wind planning and assessments.
and solar power generation is critical for power system
scheduling, load balancing, and generation planning. 44-46 Acknowledgments

4.3. Limitations of the study None.
This study elucidated the interannual dynamics of
changes in WER and SER in the NWC and quantified Funding
the driving processes behind these changes. Although
the findings provide data support and a theoretical basis This work was jointly supported by the Guangdong
for the development of WER and SER in the region, University of Petrochemical Technology (GDUPT)
the development, and utilization of these resources Talents Recruitment Project (grant number: 2019rc098),
involve variations on daily and even hourly timescales. the Academic Affairs of GDUPT for the Goal Problem-
The present use of daily and monthly datasets may Oriented Teaching Innovation and Practice Project
not fully capture the key signals of WER and SER (grant number: 41967038), and the Scientific Research
variability. Therefore, the availability of high-resolution Innovation Foundation of Yunnan Province (grant
spatiotemporal datasets will be essential to support the number: KC-242410028).
effective development and utilization of WER and SER
in the future. In subsequent research, more in-depth Conflict of interest
studies should be conducted at shorter timescales, along
with evaluations that incorporate existing development The authors declare that they have no known competing
technologies and methods for WER and SER. financial interests or personal relationships that could

Volume 22 Issue 4 (2025) 37 doi: 10.36922/AJWEP025190147