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Tran, et al.

Figure 3. Twelve-month wave pattern characteristics in the coastal area of Thanh Hoa

simulating plastic waste transport and accumulation The collected data include detailed information on
under varying environmental conditions. the types, quantities, composition, size, and density
of plastic debris present in the river systems. These
3.3.2. Plastic waste data parameters serve as critical inputs for the model, ensuring
To establish accurate initial conditions for the that it accurately reflects the diversity and distribution
simulation model, observational data on plastic waste of plastic waste entering the marine environment.
were systematically collected from three major rivers A summary of the observed characteristics is presented
in the study area: the Ma, Lạch Bạng, and Lèn Rivers. in Table 2.
Sampling campaigns were conducted over two distinct
periods – from June 2021 to May 2022, and from July 3.3.3. River flow data
to September 2024 – to capture both seasonal and To accurately model the input and dispersion of
interannual variability. plastic waste from riverine sources, daily water flow

Volume 22 Issue 4 (2025) 80 doi: 10.36922/AJWEP025170129