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Tran, et al.

4.2. Simulation results according to scenarios movement of plastic waste, leading to the formation of
Simulation results of plastic waste movement and localized accumulation areas. A notable finding is the
accumulation in the Thanh Hoa sea area under four tendency for plastic waste to concentrate in coastal
established scenarios are shown in Figure 7. communes such as Hai An, Truc Lam, and Truong Lam
In Scenario 1 (winter), Figure 7A illustrates that in Nghi Son town. In these areas, debris tends to drift
during this season, characterized by the Northeast ashore, leading to the highest particle density, especially
monsoon and lower river discharge, the simulated in locations affected by eddies or intertwined currents,
trajectory and dispersion of plastic waste mainly follow such as Truc Lam commune. These accumulation zones
a coastal path from Nga Son district down to Nghi exhibit elevated concentrations of plastic particles,
Son town, moving in a southerly and southwesterly posing risks to sensitive marine habitats and adjacent
direction. The dominant wind pattern, along with waves coastal communities. The simulations also highlight the
and ocean currents, plays a crucial role in shaping the potential for long-distance transport of plastic waste

A B

C D

Figure 7. Simulation results of plastic waste dispersion and accumulation in the Thanh Hoa sea across four
seasons, corresponding to four scenarios: (A) Northeast monsoon (January); (B) Transition from northeast to
southwest monsoon (April–May); (C) Southwest monsoon (July); (D) Transition from southwest to northeast
monsoon (September)

Volume 22 Issue 4 (2025) 84 doi: 10.36922/AJWEP025170129