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Emission and carbon policy analysis

trends in carbon emission intensity across 283 cities control measures significantly reduced concentrations
and strategic regions in China, highlighting regional of particulate matter (PM) 2.5, PM10, sulfur dioxide,
disparities, dynamic shifts, and convergence patterns. nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and
The results indicated a substantial reduction in carbon ammonia under the 2025 policy scenario.
intensity, with a consistent spatial pattern of higher
values in the north and lower values in the south. 2.3. Study on the development path of emission
reduction and carbon reduction policies
2.2. Research on the construction path of the Ashina et al. argued that achieving an 80% reduction
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carbon emission reduction system in CO emissions by 2050, relative to 1990 levels,
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Farahani et al. employed panel cointegration analysis to is feasible. Their analysis, based on the Asia-Pacific
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analyze the relationship between economic growth and Integrated Model/backtracking model and backcasting
carbon emissions in seven emerging countries from 1995 methodology, suggested that early action significantly
to 2018. The results indicated that economic growth has a increases the likelihood of realizing a low-carbon future.
significant positive impact on CO emissions in both the Marsden et al. emphasized that the transport sector
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short and long term. In addition, Zhang et al. analyzed remains a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions
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China’s carbon emission pathways under various due to its reliance on fossil fuels and the uncertain
scenarios by integrating a top-down carbon emission transition toward ultra-low-carbon vehicles. They
model with an existing bottom-up model. Their findings proposed that policy interventions can support emission
showed that by 2060, significant differences in emission reductions by encouraging shifts in individual travel
levels will emerge across scenarios, highlighting the behavior and decision-making. Dutta emphasized
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need for more stringent emission reduction policies that adopting low-carbon development strategies in
across different industries. Song et al. developed a the transport and energy sectors can effectively address
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localized Low Emissions Analysis Platform model, India’s significant infrastructure challenges. The study
using Chongqing municipality in China as a case study. also noted that successful and timely implementation of
They explored key influencing factors and carbon an inclusive, low-carbon growth pathway requires robust
reduction pathway characteristics under Chongqing’s technology transfer, strong institutional frameworks, and
carbon peaking targets, applying methods such as supportive policy mechanisms.
the logarithmic mean Divisia index decomposition, He et al. stated that, in the long term, transitioning to
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Tapio decoupling elasticity coefficients, comparative a low-carbon energy system is essential to achieving peak
analysis of individual mitigation measures, and cross- carbon. While maintaining sustainable economic and social
elasticity between pollution and carbon reduction. Neha development, it is equally important to promote the early
et al. emphasized that sustainable development can peaking of CO emissions, thereby playing a constructive
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be advanced through multiple strategies, including the role in advancing global sustainable development. Jiang
adoption of green building standards, the use of renewable et al. quantitatively assessed the drivers of synergistic
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energy, advanced building management systems, carbon reductions in PM2.5 and CO emissions by integrating
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capture and storage technologies, and life cycle analysis inter-provincial and global multi-regional input–output
to monitor and reduce carbon emissions. models in China. The findings highlighted the importance
To achieve the Paris Agreement’s target of limiting of adjusting production structures and exploring
global temperature rise to 1.5°C or 2°C, mitigation additional emission reduction opportunities tailored to
actions must align with the Sustainable Development local conditions. Xu recommended that China adopt a
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Goals. A review of selected studies from various regions systemic approach, promoting synergy among emission
drew conclusions related to trade-offs between mitigation reduction, pollution control, green transformation, and
strategies and Sustainable Development Goals, as economic development. The study emphasized the
well as their implications for costs and equity across importance of refining high-level tax system design,
different development contexts. Xiao et al. employed improving and optimizing green tax policies, and more
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the Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and effectively promoting green development through
Synergies model for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (JJJ) synergistic tax policies.
region (GAINS-JJJ) model to assess the synergistic Briefly, this study advances the field through
benefits of pollution and carbon reduction under the innovations in the following areas:
14 5-Year Air Pollution and Control Policy in Taiyuan (i) While most research on China’s emission reduction
th
City. Their findings indicated that 13 air pollution policies focuses on the current status, system

Volume 22 Issue 5 (2025) 155 doi: 10.36922/AJWEP025160117