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Emission and carbon policy analysis

Figure 3. Clustering of latent Dirichlet allocation themes for emission and carbon reduction support policies
(2016 – 2018)
Abbreviation: PC: Principal component.

and representative terms are extracted to characterize Table 1. Ranking of latent Dirichlet allocation
the unique thematic orientation of each category. The thematic clustering results across the three phases
LDA topic clustering results are organized into three Rank 2016 – 2018 2019 – 2021 2022 – 2023
periods: 2016 – 2018, 2019 – 2021, and 2022 – 2023. 1 Trade Enterprises Green
The keywords are summarized according to the theme
names, as shown in Table 1. 2 Markets Green Development
3 Quotas Technologies Energy
4.2.2. SBC analysis 4 Enterprises Energy Technology
Based on the theme names summarized from the content of 5 Projects Development Businesses
each keyword, the data are visualized and analyzed using 6 Development Markets Buildings
the SBC. The specific process of the SBC is as follows: 7 Environment Projects Markets
(i) Step 1: Data preparation (as shown in Table 2). This
includes pathway names, genes, GeneRatio, gene 8 Training Architecture Focus
count, and p-value. 9 Report Report System
Step 2: Tool selection. Python and Plotly are selected to 10 Institutions Target Standard
create the Sankey-bubble plot. 11 Work Investment Research
(ii) Step 3: Data entry. The above data are prepared in a 12 System Sources Peak carbon
suitable format for use in Plotly. 13 Green New energy Work
(iii) Step 4: Sankey diagram creation: Generate the
Sankey diagram using the formatted data. 14 National Company Targets
As shown in Figure 6, based on the spatial distribution
of the various categories in the Sankey-bubble map, the development while comprehensively promoting a green
focus of China’s emission and carbon reduction support and low-carbon transformation. This evolutionary path
policies at different stages – and their changing trends reflects China’s continued efforts and policy innovations
– is clearly illustrated. The first stage (2016 – 2018) in carbon reduction. 31
emphasizes market and trading mechanisms; the
middle stage (2019 – 2021) shifts the focus to the 4.3. Results of the comprehensive analysis
green development of enterprises; and the later stage This study applied sub-phrase segmentation and
(2022 – 2023) further reinforces the concept of green employed both LDA topic modeling and SBC

Volume 22 Issue 5 (2025) 159 doi: 10.36922/AJWEP025160117