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Efficient energy management in microgrid

use of renewable energy sources while simultaneously Zebra optimization algorithm (ZOA) was employed
minimizing costs and the effect on the environment. 4,5 in this study due to its superior capability in solving
It is possible to optimize power flow, load scheduling, complex optimization problems related to EM in
and resource allocation through the use of AC microgrid microgrids. ZOA is inspired by the collective movement
energy management (EM). To enhance dependability and foraging behavior of zebras, effectively balancing
and lower costs while preserving grid stability, it exploration and exploitation in the search space. This
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integrates renewable sources and storage to strike a characteristic is crucial in microgrid EM, where optimal
balance between supply and demand. To guarantee decisions must be made dynamically to accommodate
that available resources are used in an efficient manner, fluctuations in renewable energy generation and load
intelligent algorithms, and control mechanisms are demand. Unlike conventional optimization techniques,
utilized. EM for AC microgrids aims to achieve the ZOA demonstrates faster convergence rates and avoids
6-8
following goals: optimize the integration of renewable local optima more effectively. This is particularly
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energy sources, maximize grid stability, minimize beneficial when optimizing energy dispatch strategies
operating expenses, and effectively balance supply and involving multiple RERs, as it enhances the efficiency
demand within the system. To guarantee dependable and and stability of the microgrid. Further, the ZOA is well-
environmentally friendly power distribution, it requires suited for handling such multi-objective optimization
real-time monitoring, management, and coordination of problems. 22
generation, storage, and consumption. This work addresses the issues that were described
AC microgrid EM provides significant improvements before and presents a method by which ZOA can
in terms of flexibility, dependability, and efficiency when effectively respond to changing circumstances, hence
it comes to the integration of various energy sources. increasing the resilience of AC microgrids against
In addition to facilitating grid stability and supporting interruptions and uncertainty. The adaptability of ZOA
dynamic load control, it promotes the effective use of across microgrids of varying sizes and configurations
renewable resources. The design of the AC microgrid provides scalability and flexibility, providing answers
also makes it simpler to integrate with the infrastructure to a wide variety of problems related to EM. The
that is already in place, which helps to improve grid structure of this paper unfolds as follows: Section 2
resilience and scalability. In our study, an optimal EM elaborates on the problem formulation of the resource-
strategy for AC microgrids is proposed to enhance the efficient EM (REEM) system. In Section 3, the ZOA
integration of renewable energy sources. 9-14 system is outlined. Section 4 delves into the simulation
Through extensive simulations, as demonstrated results of the proposed ZOA algorithm, comparing its
previously, the proposed strategy achieves a significant performance with existing algorithms. Finally, Section
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reduction in overall system costs while ensuring grid 5 provides a comprehensive summary of the work
stability. Specifically, the optimization algorithm conducted in this study.
employed, based on particle swarm optimization,
minimizes the total energy procurement expenses 2. Problem formulation
and maximizes renewable energy utilization. The
results indicate that existing methods in terms of both The management of energy in a microgrid is achieved
economic benefits and environmental sustainability. through the integration of six distinct objective
A paper by Dey et al. presents an adaptive control functions within a comprehensive framework that
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scheme tailored for AC microgrid EM, integrating addresses multiple targets. The significant goal is to
demand response mechanisms and energy storage amplify the utilization of energy while at the same time
systems (ESS). The proposed scheme optimally guaranteeing that microgrid sticks to the furthest reaches
schedules energy generation and consumption that have been set on it. 23,24 The methodology attempts
considering varying load profiles and renewable energy to harmonize a few components of EM by including
availability. By employing a modified genetic algorithm various goals to accomplish this equilibrium. These
for optimization, our approach dynamically adjusts viewpoints incorporate effectiveness, trustworthiness,
energy dispatch strategies to minimize operational and supportability. Moreover, the convergence of these
costs and maintain grid stability. Simulation results objectives into the multi-objective capability makes it
validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in conceivable to adopt a comprehensive strategy to the
achieving optimal operation of AC microgrids under streamlining of energy for the microgrid, which thus
different operating conditions. 17-19 makes it simpler to meet the limitations of the microgrid

Volume 22 Issue 1 (2025) 123 doi: 10.36922/AJWEP025050030