Page 159 - AJWEP-v22i2

Enhanced renewable integration for power system stability

affected by low-frequency oscillations (LFO), as these of a PSS to efficiently attenuate electromechanical
oscillations can cause significant system deviations that oscillations in a single machine connected to a large
might lead to instability and impact system security. power supply. To discover the optimal PSS parameter
Damping interarea oscillations is challenging, as they values, the SCA was utilized to frame the optimization
are common in interconnected power systems. On problem in terms of minimizing the objective
3,4
the other hand, nearby mode, which is confined to function. However, the design issue was considered an
the frequency range of 0.1 – 0.8 Hz and arises from optimization problem, and the choice factors were the
interfacing one generator with the rest of the control controllers’ parameters. The PSS-UPFC approach was
framework, typically occurs within a frequency range developed to enhance the dynamic stability of power
of 0.7 – 2.0 Hz. Local oscillations occur between 0.8 Hz systems, as introduced in Therattil et al. The Ant
17
and 2.0 Hz in frequency, whereas interarea oscillations, Lion Optimization technique was used to optimize the
characterized by generators in different areas vibrating design of the PSS and UPFC.
at frequencies ranging from 0.2 Hz to 0.8 Hz, are a
more significant concern. Interarea oscillations are 2. Survey of literature
riskier to the reliability of the electrical system due
to poor damping factors. Periodic disturbances In 1988, Hingorani and Guygyi introduced the concept
5-7
can lead to forced oscillations, whose amplitude is of FACTS controllers. FACTS commonly refers to
1
inversely linked to the damping of the system, and the use of high-power semiconductor gadgets to direct
these oscillations decay rapidly when the disturbance numerous electrical factors and parameters, including
source is removed. Numerous approaches for reducing receptive and dynamic control, stage points, voltage,
forced oscillations have been proposed, given these impedance, and power flows. Since then, numerous
characteristics. An established technique for reducing studies have been conducted in this area, utilizing
oscillations is the power system stabilizer (PSS). FACTS devices to enhance control in transmission
Recent advancements in the implementation process frameworks. Various modeling techniques have been
of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems applied to model the UPFC. In their articles on the
2-4
(FACTS) have improved the mitigation of these susceptance and termination point models of the SVC,
5,6
oscillations. Various power system control concerns Bian, Ramey, and Nelson, as well as Sen and Stacey
2
3
have been frequently solved using FACTS devices. 8-10 examined methods to improve control framework
FACTS provide efficient control strategies to enhance stability. The optimal placement of the SVC using fuzzy
the flow of power on current transmission lines. Due logic and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms
to the high-speed control capability of their power was studied by Reddy and Babu. In this study, the SVC
7
electronics components, FACTS devices have become was modeled as a device injecting reactive power at the
common in the power sector. 11-13 FACTS controllers bus to which it was connected, with its optimal location
play a significant role in improving the reliability of determined using the fuzzy technique. The full power
power systems. The system’s steady-state operations, injection model and the corresponding Jacobian matrix
including voltage control, power flow management, and elements were modified in the Newton Raphson (NR)
the enhancement of transfer capability, have mostly been approach for load flow investigations by Metavural
addressed by FACTS devices. Among several series and Mehmattumay. This research derived the power
8
of power electronics-based FACTS controllers, the injection equations for the UPFC. Using load flow
best options for enhancing power oscillation damping calculations, Chengaiah and Marutheswar [ presented
9
are the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), a study on UPFC control setup. In their paper, Kumar
static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), and Nagaraju discussed how to minimize transmission
10
unified power flow controller (UPFC), and static VAR network losses using the UPFC in load flow analyses.
compensator (SVC). 14,15 Numerous researchers have This research used the Hale network, incorporated the
proposed alternative methods for developing damping UPFC power injection model, and examined power
controllers based on FACTS devices. The following flows for various UPFC control parameter values.
section includes recent studies relevant to the intended A differential algorithm for UPFC loss reduction
research. In a study by Fathollahi et al., the sine through optimal location and UPFC control parameter
16
cosine algorithm (SCA) – a population-based stochastic adjustment was proposed by Vanitha and Sudhakaran.
11
metaheuristic optimization method – was explained. This study compared the UPFC genetic algorithm with
This algorithm’s main goal was to fine-tune the settings differential evolution. del Valle et al. described the
12

Volume 22 Issue 2 (2025) 153 doi: 10.36922/ajwep.8393