Page 160 - AJWEP-v22i2

Reddy and Kumar

PSO method in detail for optimal allocation and sizing 3. Research method
of the UPFC. To ascertain the influence of the position
and size of each UPFC unit, this study tested various The four FACTS controllers proposed in this study were
power system load conditions and evaluated the optimal applied to AC power system networks. An ant colony
way to set PSO parameters. optimization (ACO) approach was used to enhance
In a study by Guha et al., a metaheuristic performance, reduce oscillations, and increase power
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optimization method was presented to enhance the system stability.
stability of the power system using a supplementary
damping controller with the SSSC. The method 3.1. FACTS controller
utilized two control channels, phase, and magnitude, to The term “FACTS” refers to a group of power electronics-
enhance stability and resistance under various operating based devices that enhance the controllability and
conditions. For the optimization process, the authors stability of power systems, as well as their capacity to
employed a multi-objective approach based on weighted transmit electricity. The purpose of using FACTS tools
factor summation. Meanwhile, Saidi introduced a is to improve the initial swing, effectively dampen
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hybrid control method for multi-area, multi-machine oscillations, and aid in system stabilization in the event
power systems incorporating FACTS devices using non- of a major failure. 23,24 Examples include STATCOM,
linear modeling. The method aimed to dampen interarea SSSC, UPFC, and SVC. These devices offer an additional
oscillations and maximize the utilization of the UPFC. method of improving LFO by including supplemental
Shehata et al. utilized PSO-adaptive neuro-fuzzy damping controllers, which have been effectively
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inference system (ANFIS) models to estimate the PSS utilized to increase the transient stability margin.
parameters for single-machine infinite bus systems, both The basic design of FACTS on a transmission line is
with and without the UPFC. They applied the ANFIS shown in Figure 1. The network status can be quickly
model, combining fuzzy logic and neural networks, to controlled by the FACTs controllers. For effective
model the complexities of these systems. In addition, management of transmission line power, FACTS
they employed the PSO algorithm, a metaheuristic controllers can be used to precisely adjust the relative
optimization technique, to find the optimal solution for phase angle between two control areas. This facilitates
the problem. In Khawaja et al., a hybrid optimization- active power exchange across the transmission line
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based SSSC controller was developed to address and helps stabilize frequency variations. By reducing
power oscillations in power transmission systems. The oscillations in a disrupted system through carefully
introduced controller was designed to optimize the regulated controller damping, transient stability may be
parameters of the SSSC damping controller through attained. The key benefit of incorporating FACTS into
a hybrid differential evolution-PSO optimization a power system is the enhancement of system stability
algorithm. In Behzadpoor et al., developed a hybrid and reliability by regulating the system’s power flow
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optimization technique called hybrid controlled series and providing sufficient power oscillation damping.
compensator-pattern search, combining the chaotic Therefore, in the following section, we describe the
SCA and pattern search for the coordinated design of model of the aforementioned FACTS controllers.
PSSs and SVC-based controllers.
Due to the erratic power supply from renewable 3.1.1. SVC model
energy sources, effective management is necessary The SVC is a member of the FACTS family of shunt
to maximize their potential. In this context, a hybrid devices. It comprises an FC-TCR type, in which a
energy storage system is required. Combining hybrid
energy storage devices with renewable energy
sources can improve power management in a direct
current (DC) microgrid. This study suggests the
optimal hybrid energy storage solution for a DC
microgrid using proportional-integral (PI) controllers
to efficiently utilize renewable energy sources. The Figure 1. A general block layout displaying the
PSO method was used in this model to determine the transmission FACTS device
optimal PI controller. A 72 W DC microgrid system Abbreviations: V : Receiving end voltage; V : Sending
R
S
was considered to verify the efficacy of the proposed end voltage; FACTS: Flexible Alternating Current
optimal PI controller. 1 Transmission System.

Volume 22 Issue 2 (2025) 154 doi: 10.36922/ajwep.8393