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Advanced Neurology Losartan and Enalapril in SE

A B

Figure 5. Effect of pre-treatment with LOS and AT on body weight change in LiP-treated rats. (A) Showing SE (n = 3 – 4 rats per group). (B) Not showing
SE (n = 6 rats per group). Data are presented as mean ± SEM *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001. Data from only those rats which survived throughout
the study has been included.
Abbreviations: NC: Normal control; LiP: Lithium-–pilocarpine; LOS: Losartan; AT: Atenolol; SE: Status epilepticus.
A C

B

Figure 6. Effect of LOS and AT post-treatment on cardiac parameters. (A) Representative echocardiograms. (B) Effect of different treatments on heart
weight and body weight at 18 days after LiP-induced SE from surviving and moribund rats (n = 4 rats per group). Data are presented as mean ± SEM.
**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 by one-way ANOVA. (C) Photo microradiograph of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained coronal section of
heart, showing the effect of LiP-induced seizures on cardiac histopathology: (a) Normal control; (b) to (e) LiP seizure control. (a) and (b) show no change,
(c) ischemic changes, (d) myocyte necrosis, and (e) vascular congestion.
Abbreviations: NC: Normal control; LiP: Lithium–pilocarpine; LOS: Losartan; AT: Atenolol.

hypertensive rats experience continuous cardiac protection in kainic acid-induced seizures and in spontaneously
[26]
until they reach an advanced age of 72 weeks, primarily due hypertensive rats with LOS have been .
to transient pre-hypertensive AT1 receptor antagonism Despite its high reproducibility and consistency
rather than early blood pressure lowering . The post for the onset of SE, LiP model is limited by the high
[21]
treatment protocol is a true reflection of clinical scenario. mortality among the animals . Similarly, in this study,
[27]
In this study, 50% of rats experienced SE. Although this there was a high mortality rate. Nearly 40% of rats died
incidence appears to be much lower than that reported in before experiencing the SCS after LiP administration. The
previous studies, these studies have either used a higher results obtained in the present study are consistent with
dose of pilocarpine (45 mg/kg) or a different species of Glien et al.’s research, where they observed a mortality
rats (Sprague-Dawley vs. Wistar in the present study) or rate of 45% despite the use of diazepam to manage seizures
younger rats (20 days old) [22-24] . These findings align with after 90 min of SE . All drugs were found ineffective in
[23]
[25]
those reported by Liu et al. They also observed a 57.4% preventing the death before SCS although AT tended to
incidence of stage 5 seizures after LiP administration. LOS improve survival marginally. AT was included as a positive
and ENP pre-treatment did not affect SE incidence but control in this study as substantial evidence indicates
tended to increase latency to the onset of SE although this that β adrenergic antagonist AT is positively associated
1
was not statistically significant. The delayed onset of seizures with seizure control. Consistent with this contention,

Volume 2 Issue 2 (2023) 7 https://doi.org/10.36922/an.0387